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stpc ? CONSUMER-II x86 core pc compatible information appliance system-on-chip release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 1/93 figure 0-1. logic diagram n powerful x86 processor n 64-bit sdram uma controller n vga & svga crt controller n 135 mhz ramdac n 2d graphics engine n video input port n video pipeline - up-scaler - video colour space converter - chroma & colour key support n tv output - three-line flicker filter - itu-r 601/656 scan converter - ntsc / pal composite, rgb, s-video n pci master / slave / arbiter n isa master / slave n optional 16-bit local bus interface n eide controller n i2c interface n ipc - dma controller - interrupt controller - timer / counters n power management unit n jtag ieee1149.1 description the stpc CONSUMER-II integrates a standard 5th generation x86 core, a synchronous dram controller, a graphics subsystem, a video pipeline, and support logic including pci, isa, and ide controllers to provide a single consumer orientated pc compatible subsystem on a single device. the device is based on a tightly coupled unified memory architecture (uma), sharing memory between the cpu, the graphics and the video. the stpc CONSUMER-II is packaged in a 388 plastic ball grid array (pbga). pbga388 s t p c c o n s u m e r i i x86 core host i/f sdram ctrl svga ge vip pci m/s lb ctr pci bus isa m/s ipc pci m/s isa bus crtc cursor monitor tv ide i/f pmu video pipeline c key k key lut local bus encoder tvo jtag
stpc ? CONSUMER-II 2/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 n x86 processor core n fully static 32-bit five-sta g e pipeline, x86 processor fully pc compatible. n can access up to 4 gb of external memory. n 8 kbyte unified instruction and data cache with write back and write throu g h capability. n parallel processin g inte g ral floatin g point unit, with automatic power down. n runs up to 100 mhz (x1) or 133 mhz (x2). n fully static desi g n for dynamic clock control. n low power and system mana g ement modes. n optimized desi g n for 2.5 v operation. n sdram controller n 64-bit data bus. n up to 100 mhz sdram clock speed. n inte g rated system memory, g raphic frame memory and video frame memory. n supports 2 mb up to 128 mb system memory. n supports 16-, 64-, and 128-mbit sdrams. n supports 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 mb dimms. n supports buffered, non buffered, and re g istered dimms n four-line write buffers for cpu to sdram and pci to sdram cycles. n four-line read prefetch buffers for pci masters. n pro g rammable latency n pro g rammable timin g for sdram parameters. n supports -8, -10, -12, -13, -15 memory parts n supports memory hole between 1 mb and 8 mb for pci/isa busses. n 2d gra p hics controller n 64-bit windows accelerator. n backward compatibility to svga standards. n hardware acceleration for text, bitblts, transparent blts and fills. n up to 64 x 64 bit g raphics hardware cursor. n up to 4mb lon g linear frame buffer. n 8-, 16-, 24- and 32-bit pixels. n drivers availables for various oses. n crt controller n inte g rated 135 mhz triple ramdac allowin g for 1280 x 1024 x 75 hz display. n requires external frequency synthesizer and reference sources. n 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit pixels. n interlaced or non-interlaced output. n requires no external frequency synthesizer. n requires only external reference source. n video in p ut p ort n accepts video inputs in itu-r 601 mode. n optional 2:1 decimator n stores captured video in off settin g area of the onboard frame buffer. n video pass throu g h to the tv output for full screen video ima g es. n hsync and b/t g eneration or lock onto external video timin g source. n video pi p eline n two-tap interpolative horizontal filter. n two-tap interpolative vertical filter. n colour space conversion (rgb to yuv and yuv to rgb). n pro g rammable window size. n chroma and colour keyin g for inte g rated video overlay. n video out p ut n ntsc-m; pal-b, d, g, h, i, m, n encodin g . n itu-r 601 encodin g with pro g rammable colour subcarrier frequencies. n itu-r 656 video output si g nal interface. n four analo g outputs in two confi g urations: - r,g,b + cvbs - c,ys,cvbs1 + cvbs2 n flicker-free interlaced output. n pro g rammable two tap filter with g amma correction or three tap flicker filter. n interlaced or non-interlaced operation mode. n pro g ressive to interlaced scan converter. n cross colour reduction by specific trap filterin g on luma within cvbs flow. n power down mode available on each dac.
stpc ? CONSUMER-II release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 3/93 n pci controller n fully compliant with pci 2.1 specification. n integrated pci arbitration interface. up to 3 masters can connect directly. external pal allows for greater than 3 masters. n translation of pci cycles to isa bus. n translation of isa master initiated cycle to pci. n support for burst read/write from pci master. n pci clock is 1/2, 1/3 or 1/4 cpu bus clock. n isa master/slave n generates the isa clock from either 14.318 mhz oscillator clock or pci clock n supports programmable extra wait state for isa cycles n supports i/o recovery time for back to back i/o cycles. n fast gate a20 and fast reset. n supports the single rom that c, d, or e. blocks shares with f block bios rom. n supports flash rom. n supports isa hidden refresh. n buffered dma & isa master cycles to reduce bandwidth utilization of the pci and host bus. n local bus interface n multiplexed with isa/dma interface. n low latency asynchronous bus n 22-bit address bus. n 16-bit data bus with word steering capability. n programmable timing (host clock granularity) n two programmable flash chip select. n four programmable i/o chip select. n supports 32-bit flash burst. n two-level hardware key protection for flash boot block protection. n supports two banks of 16 mb flash devices with boot block shadowed to 0x000f0000. n ide interface n supports pio n transfer rates to 22 mbytes/sec n supports up to 4 ide devices n concurrent channel operation (pio modes) - 4 x 32-bit buffer fifos per channel n support for pio mode 3 & 4. n individual drive timing for all four ide devices n supports both legacy & native ide modes n supports hard drives larger than 528mb n support for cd-rom and tape peripherals n backward compatibility with ide (ata-1). n drivers for windows and other operating systems n inte g rated peri p heral controller n 2x8237/at compatible 7-channel dma controller. n 2x8259/at compatible interrupt controller. 16 interrupt inputs - isa and pci. n three 8254 compatible timer/counters. n co-processor error support logic. n power mana g ement n four power saving modes: on, doze, standby, suspend. n programmable system activity detector n supports intel & cyrix smm and apm. n supports stopclk. n supports io trap & restart. n independent peripheral time-out timer to monitor hard disk, serial & parallel port. n 128k sm_ram address space from 0xa0000 to 0xb0000 n jtag n boundary scan compatible ieee1149.1. n scan chain control. n bypass register compatible ieee1 149.1. n id register compatible ieee1 149.1. n ram bist control. the stpc CONSUMER-II has undergone an errata fix upgrade. the different versions can be differenciated by the part number. both versions are pin to pin compatible and there are some software extensions that have been added to the upgraded parts. the parts labeled stpcc5 are the upgraded parts and the differences are identified in both the datash- eet and programming manual. all parts labeled stpcc4 do not support the new features outlined in the documentation. where nor c4 nor c5 are specified, the information or feature applies to both versions.
stpc ? CONSUMER-II 4/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002
general description release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 5/93 1. general description at the heart of the stpc CONSUMER-II is an advanced 64-bit x86 processor block. it includes a 64-bit sdram controller, advanced 64-bit accelerated graphics and video controller, a high speed pci local-bus controller and industry standard pc chip set functions (interrupt controller, dma controller, interval timer and isa bus). the stpc CONSUMER-II has in addition, an eide controller, i 2 c interface, a local bus interface and a jtag interface. 1.1. architecture the stpc CONSUMER-II makes use of a tightly coupled unified memory architecture (uma), where the same memory array is used for cpu main memory and graphics frame-buffer. this means a reduction in total system memory for system performances that are equal to that of a comparable frame buffer and system memory based system, and generally much better, due to the higher memory bandwidth allowed by attaching the graphics engine directly to the 64-bit processor host interface running at the speed of the processor bus rather than the traditional pci bus. the 64-bit wide memory array provides the system with 528mb/s peak bandwidth. this allows for higher resolution screens and greater color depth. the standard pc chipset functions (dma, interrupt controller, timers, power management logic) are integrated together with the x86 processor core; additional functions such as communications ports are accessed by the stpc CONSUMER-II via internal isa bus. the pci bus is the main data communication link to the stpc CONSUMER-II chip. the stpc CONSUMER-II translates appropriate host bus i/o and memory cycles onto the pci bus. it also supports generation of configuration cycles on the pci bus. the stpc CONSUMER-II, as a pci bus agent (host bridge class), fully complies with pci specification 2.1. the chip-set also implements the pci mandatory header registers in type 0 pci configuration space for easy porting of pci aware system bios. the device contains a pci arbitration function for three external pci devices. the stpc CONSUMER-II has two functional blocks sharing the same balls : the isa / ipc / ide block and the local bus / ide block (see table 3). any board with the stpc CONSUMER-II should be built using only one of these two configurations. the ide pins are dynamically multiplexed in each of the blocks in isa mode only. configuration is done by strap options. it is a set of pull-up or pull-down resistors on the memory data bus, checked on reset, which auto-configure the stpc CONSUMER-II. 1.2. graphics features graphics functions are controlled through the on- chip svga controller and the monitor display is produced through the 2d graphics display engine. this graphics engine is tuned to work with the host cpu to provide a balanced graphics system with a low silicon area cost. it performs limited graphics drawing operations which include hardware acceleration of text, bitblts, transparent blts and fills. the results of these operations change the contents of the on-screen or off- screen frame buffer areas of sdram memory. the frame buffer can occupy a space up to 4 mbytes anywhere in the physical main memory. the graphics resolution supported is a maximum of 1280x1024 in 16m colors and 16m colors at 75hz refresh rate, vga and svga compatible. horizontal timing fields are vga compatible while the vertical fields are extended by one bit to accommodate above display resolution. 1.3. video functions the stpc CONSUMER-II provides several additional functions to handle mpeg or similar video streams. the video input port accepts an encoded digital video stream in one of a number of industry standard formats, decodes it, optionally decimates it, and deposits it into an off screen area of the frame buffer. an interrupt request can be generated when an entire field or frame has been captured. the video output pipeline incorporates a video-scaler and color space converter function and provisions in the crt controller to display a video window. while repainting the screen the crt controller fetches both the video as well as the normal non-video frame buffer in two separate internal fifos. the video stream can be color-space converted (optionally) and smooth scaled. smooth interpolative scaling in both horizontal and vertical direction are implemented. color and chroma key functions are also implemented to allow mixing video stream with non-video frame buffer. the video output passes directly to the ramdac for monitor output or through another optional color space converter (rgb to 4:2:2 ycrcb) to the programmable anti-flicker filter. the flicker filter is configured as either a two line filter with gamma correction (primarily designed for dos type text)
general description 6/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 or a 3 line flicker filter (primarily designed for windows type displays). the fliker filter is optional and can be software disabled for use with large screen areas of video. the video output pipeline of the stpc consumer- ii interfaces directly to the internal digital tv encoder. it takes a 24 bit rgb non-interlaced pixel stream and converts to a multiplexed 4:2:2 ycrcb 8 bit output stream, the logic includes a progressive to interlaced scan converter and logic to insert appropriate ccir656 timing reference codes into the output stream. it facilitates the high quality display of vga or full screen video streams received via the video input port to standard ntsc or pal televisions. the digital pal/ntsc encoder outputs interlaced or non-interlaced video in pal-b,d,g,h,i pal-n, pal-m or ntsc-m standards and ntsc- 4.43 is also possible. the four frame (for pal) or 2 frame (for ntsc) burst sequences are internally generated, subcarrier generation being performed numerically with ckref as reference. rise and fall times of synchronisation tips and burst envelope are internally controlled according to the relevant itu-r and smpte recommendations. video output signals are directed to four analog output pins through internal d/a converters giving, simultaneous r,g,b and composite cvbs outputs. 1.4. memory controller the stpc handles the memory data (data) bus directly, controlling from 2 to 128 mbytes. the sdram controller supports accesses to the memory banks to/from the cpu (via the host), from the vmi, to/from the crtc, to the video & to/from the ge. (banks 0 to 3) which can be populated with either single or double sided 72-bit (4 bit parity) dimms. parity is not supported. the sdram controller only supports 64 bit wide memory banks. four memory banks (if dimms are used; single sided or two double-sided dimms) are supported in the following configurations (see table 1-1 ) the sdram controller supports buffered or unbuffered sdram but not edo or fpm modes. sdrams must support full page mode type access. the stpc memory controller provides various programmable sdram parameters to allow the sdram interface to be optimized for different processor bus speeds sdram speed grades and cas latency. 1.5. ide interface an industry standard eide (ata 2) controller is built into the stpc CONSUMER-II. the ide port is capable of supporting a total of four devices. 1.6. power management the stpc CONSUMER-II core is compliant with the advanced power management (apm) specification to provide a standard method by which the bios can control the power used by personal computers. the power management unit module (pmu) controls the power consumption providing a comprehensive set of features that control the power usage and supports compliance with the united states environmental protection agency's energy star computer program. the pmu provides following hardware structures to assist the software in managing the power consumption by the system. - system activity detection. - three power down timers. - doze timer for detecting lack of system activity for short durations. - stand-by timer for detecting lack of system activity for medium durations - suspend timer for detecting lack of system activity for long durations. - house-keeping activity detection. - house-keeping timer to cope with short bursts of house-keeping activity while dozing or in stand- by state. table 1-1. memory configurations memory bank size number organisa tion device size 1mx64 4 1mx16 16mbits 2mx64 8 2mx8 4mx64 16 4mx4 4mx64 4 2mx16x2 64mbits 8mx64 8 4mx8x2 16mx64 16 8mx4x2 4mx64 4 1mx16x4 8mx64 8 2mx8x4 32mx64 16 4mx4x4 16mx64 8 2mx16x2 128mbits 32mx64 16 4mx8x4 table 1-1. memory configurations memory bank size number organisa tion device size
general description release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 7/93 - peripheral activity detection. - peripheral timer for detecting lack of peripheral activity - susp# modulation to adjust the system performance in various power down states of the system including full power on state. - power control outputs to disable power from different planes of the board. lack of system activity for progressively longer period of times is detected by the three power down timers. these timers can generate smi interrupts to cpu so that the smm software can put the system in decreasing states of power consumption. alternatively, system activity in a power down state can generate smi interrupt to allow the software to bring the system back up to full power on state. the chip-set supports up to three power down states: doze state, stand-by state and suspend mode. these correspond to decreasing levels of power savings. power down puts the stpc CONSUMER-II into suspend mode. the processor completes execution of the current instruction, any pending decoded instructions and associated bus cycles. during the suspend mode, internal clocks are stopped. removing power down, the processor resumes instruction fetching and begins execution in the instruction stream at the point it had stopped. because of the static nature of the core, no internal data is lost. 1.7. jtag jtag stands for joint test action group and is the popular name for ieee std. 1149.1, standard test access port and boundary-scan architec-ture. this built-in circuitry is used to assist in the test, maintenance and support of functional circuit blocks. the circuitry includes a standard interface through which instructions and test data are communicated. a set of test features is defined, including a boundary-scan register so that a component is able to respond to a minimum set of test instructions.
general description 8/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 figure 1-1. functional description. x86 core host i/f sdram i/f svga ge vip pci m/s local bus i/f pci bus isa m/s ipc 82c206 pci m/s isa bus crtc hw cursor monitor tv - pixel formating - scaler - colour space cvt ide i/f pmu video pipeline colour key chroma key lut local bus ntsc/pal encoder tvo - csc - ff - ccir ccir input jtag
general description release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 9/93 1.8. clock tree the stpc atlas integrates many features and generates all its clocks from a single 14mhz oscillator. this results in multiple clock domains as described in figure 1-2 . the speed of the plls is either fixed (devclk), either programmable by strap option (hclk) either programmable by software (dclk, mclk). when in synchronized mode, mclk speed is fixed to hclko speed and hclki is generated from mclki. figure 1-2. stpc CONSUMER-II clock architecture ipc sdram controller north bridge 14.31818 mhz xtalo xtali osc14m isaclk 1/4 devclk devclk (24mhz) pll (14mhz) 1/2 hclk pll pciclki pciclko south bridge 1/2 1/3 hclk dclk pll mclk pll dclk mclki mclko crtc,video,tv cpu x1 x2 vclk vip ge local bus host isa hclki hclko
general description 10/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 figure 1-3. typical isa-based application. monitor tv video svga ccir601 ccir656 s-vhs rgb pal ntsc stpc CONSUMER-II isa pci 4x 16-bit sdrams super i/o 2x eide flash keyboard / mouse serial ports parallel port floppy irq dma.req dma.ack dmux dmux mux mux rtc
pin description release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 11/93 2. pin description 2.1. introduction the stpc CONSUMER-II integrates most of the functionality of the pc architecture. as a result, many of the traditional interconnections between the host pc microprocessor and the peripheral devices are totally internal to the stpc CONSUMER-II. this offers improved performance due to the tight coupling of the processor core and these peripherals. as a result, many of the external pin connections are made directly to the on-chip peripheral functions. figure 2-1 shows the stpc CONSUMER-II external interfaces. it defines the main buses and their functions. table 2-1 describes the physical implementation, listing signal type and functionality. table 2-2 provides a full pin listing and description of pins. table 2-7 provides a full listing of pin locations of the stpc CONSUMER-II package by physical connection. note: several interface pins are multiplexed with other functions, refer to table 2-4 and table 2-5 for further details table 2-1. signal description group name qty basic clocks reset & xtal (sys) 7 sdram controller 95 pci interface 56 isa 79 89 ide 34 local bus 49 video input 9 tv output 12 vga monitor interface 8 grounds 71 v dd 26 miscellaneous 9 unconnected 6 total pin count 388 figure 2-1. stpc CONSUMER-II external interfaces pci x86 sdram vga vip tv sys isa/ide/lb 95 8 9 12 56 7 89 stpc CONSUMER-II
pin description 12/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 table 2-2. definition of signal pins signal name dir buffer type 2 description qty basic clocks and resets sysrseti# i schmitt_ft system power good input 1 sysrsto# o bd8strp_ft system reset output 1 xtali i ana 14.3 mhz crystal input- external oscillator input 1 xtalo i/o osci13b 14.3 mhz crystal output 1 hclk i/o bd4strp_ft host clock (test) 1 dev_clk o bt8trp_tc 24 mhz peripheral clock (floppy drive) 1 dclk i/o bd4strp_ft 27-135 mhz graphics dot clock 1 v dd _xxx_pll 1 vddco power supply for pll clocks sdram controller mclki i tlcht_tc memory clock input 1 mclko o bt8trp_tc memory clock output 1 cs#[1:0] o bd8strp_tc dimm chip select 2 cs2# / ma11 o bd16staruqp_tc dimm chip select / memory address 1 cs3# / ma12 / ba1 o bd16staruqp_tc dimm chip select / memory address / bank address 1 ba[0] o bd8strp_tc bank address 1 ma[10:0] o bd16staruqp_tc memory row & column address 12 md[63:49] i/o bd8strup_ft memory data 15 md[48:1] i/o bd8trp_tc memory data 48 md[0] i/o bd8strup_ft memory data 1 ras#[1:0] o bd16staruqp_tc row address strobe 2 cas#[1:0] o bd16staruqp_tc column address strobe 2 mwe# o bd16staruqp_tc write enable 1 dqm[7:0] o bd8strp_tc data input/output mask 8 pci controller pci_clki i tlcht_ft 33 mhz pci input clock 1 pci_clko o bt8trp_tc 33 mhz pci o/p clk (from internal pll) 1 ad[31:0] i/o bd8pciarp_ft pci address / data 32 cbe[3:0] i/o bd8pciarp_ft bus commands / byte enables 4 frame# i/o bd8pciarp_ft cycle frame 1 irdy# i/o bd8pciarp_ft initiator ready 1 trdy# i/o bd8pciarp_ft target ready 1 lock# i tlcht_ft pci lock 1 devsel# i/o bd8pciarp_ft device select 1 stop# i/o bd8pciarp_ft stop transaction 1 par i/o bd8pciarp_ft parity signal transactions 1 serr# o bd8pciarp_ft system error 1 pcireq#[2:0] i bd8pciarp_ft pci request 3 pcignt#[2:0] o bd8pciarp_ft pci grant 3 pci_int#[3:0] i bd4strup_ft pci interrupt request 4 note 1 : these pins are must be connected to the 2.5 v power supply. they must not be connected to the 3.3 v supply. note 2 : see table 2-3 for buffer type descriptions
pin description release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 13/93 isa interface isa_clk o bt8trp_tc isa clock output multiplexer select line for ipc 1 isa_clk2x o bt8trp_tc isa clock x2 output multiplexer select line for ipc 1 osc14m o bd8strp_ft isa bus synchronisation clock 1 la[23:17] o bd8strup_ft unlatched address 7 sa[19:0] i/o bd8strup_ft latched address 20 sd[15:0] i/o bd8strp_ft data bus 16 ale o bd4strp_ft address latch enable 1 memr#, memw# i/o bd8strup_ft memory read and write 2 smemr#, smemw# o bd8strp_ft system memoryread and write 2 ior#, iow# i/o bd8strup_ft i/o read and write 2 mcs16#, iocs16# i bd4strup_ft memory and i/o chipselect16 2 bhe# o bd8strup_ft system bus high enable 1 zws# i bd4strp_ft zero wait state 1 ref# o bd8strp_ft refresh cycle. 1 master# i bd4strup_ft add on card owns bus 1 aen o bd8strup_ft address enable 1 iochck# i bd4strup_ft i/o channel check. 1 iochrdy i/o bd8strup_ft i/o channel read 1 isaoe# o bd4strp_ft isa/ide selection 1 gpiocs# i/o bd4strp_ft general purpose chip select 1 irq_mux[3:0] i bd4strp_ft time-multiplexed interrupt request 4 dreq_mux[1:0] i bd4strp_ft time-multiplexed dma request 2 dack_enc[2:0] o bd4strp_ft encoded dma acknowledge 3 tc o bd4strp_ft isa terminal count 1 rtcas o bd4strp_ft real time clock address strobe 1 rmrtccs# i/o bd4strp_ft rom/rtc chip select 1 kbcs# i/o bd4strp_ft keyboard chip select 1 rtcrw# i/o bd4strp_ft rtc read/write 1 rtcds# i/o bd4strp_ft rtc data strobe 1 local bus interface pa[23:0] o bd4strp_ft address bus 24 pd[15:0] i/o bd8strp_ft data bus 16 prd1#,prd0# o bd4strup_ft peripheral read control 2 pwr1#,pwr0# o bd4strup_ft peripheral write control 2 prdy i bd8strup_ft data ready 1 fcs1#, fcs0# o bd4strp_ft flash chip select 2 iocs#[3:0] o bd8strup_ft i/o chip select 4 ide controller da[2:0] o bd8strup_ft address bus 3 dd[15:0] i/o bd8strup_ft data bus 16 table 2-2. definition of signal pins signal name dir buffer type 2 description qty note 1 : these pins are must be connected to the 2.5 v power supply. they must not be connected to the 3.3 v supply. note 2 : see table 2-3 for buffer type descriptions
pin description 14/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 pcs3#,pcs1#,scs3#,scs1# o bd8strup_ft primary & secondary chip selects 4 diordy o bd8strup_ft data i/o ready 1 pirq, sirq i bd4strp_ft primary & secondary interrupt request 2 pdrq, sdrq i bd4strp_ft primary & secondary dma request 2 pdack#, sdack# o bd8strp_ft primary & secondary dma acknowledge 2 pdior#, sdior# o bd8strup_ft primary & secondary i/o channel read 2 pdiow#, sdiow# o bd8strup_ft primary & secondary i/o channel write 2 vga controller red, green, blue o vddco analog red, green, blue 3 vsync o bd4strp_ft vertical sync 1 hsync o bd4strp_ft horizontal sync 1 vref_dac 1 i ana dac voltage reference 1 rset i ana resistor set 1 comp i ana compensation 1 col_sel o bd4strp_ft colour select 1 video input port vclk i bd8strp_ft 27-33 mhz video input port clock 1 vin[7:0] i bd4strp_ft ccir 601 or 656 yuv video data input 8 analog tv output port red_tv, green_tv, blue_tv o vddco analog rgb or s-vhs outputs 3 cvbs o vddco analog video composite output 1 iref1_tv i ana reference current of cvbs dac 1 vref1_tv i ana reference voltage of cvbs dac 1 iref2_tv i ana reference current of rgb dac 1 vref2_tv i ana reference voltage of rgb dac 1 vssa_tv i analog vss for dac 1 vdda_tv i vddco analog vdd for dac 1 vcs i/o bd4strp_ft composite synchro horizontal line synchro 1 odd_even i/o bd4strp_ft frame synchronisation 1 miscellaneous spkrd o bd4strp_ft speaker device output 1 scl i/o bd4strup_ft i2c interface - clock can be used for vga ddc[1] signal 1 sda i/o bd4strup_ft i2c interface - data can be used for vga ddc[0] signal 1 scan_enable i tlchtd_tc reserved (test pin) 1 tclk i tlcht_ft test clock 1 tdi i tlcht_ft test data input 1 tms i tlcht_ft test mode set 1 tdo o bt8trp_tc test data output 1 table 2-2. definition of signal pins signal name dir buffer type 2 description qty note 1 : these pins are must be connected to the 2.5 v power supply. they must not be connected to the 3.3 v supply. note 2 : see table 2-3 for buffer type descriptions
pin description release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 15/93 table 2-3. buffer type descriptions buffer description ana analog pad buffer osci13b oscillator, 13 mhz, hcmos bt8trp_tc tri-state output buffer, 8 ma drive capability, schmitt trigger with slew rate control and p, tc bd4strp_ft lvttl bi-directional, 4 ma drive capability, schmitt trigger, 5v tolerant bd4strup_ft lvttl bi-directional, 4 ma drive capability, schmitt trigger, pull-up, 5v tolerant bd8strp_ft lvttl bi-directional, 8 ma drive capability, schmitt trigger, 5v tolerant bd8strup_ft lvttl bi-directional, 8 ma drive capability, schmitt trigger, pull-up, 5v tolerant bd8strp_tc lvttl bi-directional, 8 ma drive capability, schmitt trigger bd8trp_tc lvttl bi-directional, 8 ma drive capability, schmitt trigger bd8pciarp_ft lvttl bi-directional, 8 ma drive capability, pci compatible, 5v tolerant bd16staruqp_tc lvttl bi-directional, 16 ma drive capability, schmitt trigger schmitt_ft lvttl input, schmitt trigger, 5v tolerant tlcht_ft lvttl input, 5v tolerant tlcht_tc lvttl input tlchtd_tc lvttl input, pull-down vddco internal supply for core only power pad
pin description 16/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 2.2. signal descriptions 2.2.1. basic clocks and resets sysrsti# system reset/power good. this input is low when the reset switch is depressed. otherwise, it reflects the power supply power good signal. this input is asynchronous to all clocks, and acts as a negative active reset. the reset circuit initiates a hard reset on the rising edge of this signal. sysrsto# reset output to system. this is the system reset signal and is used to reset the rest of the components (not on host bus) in the system. the isa bus reset is an externally inverted buffered version of this output and the pci bus reset is an externally buffered version of this output. xtali 14.3 mhz crystal input xtalo 14.3 mhz crystal output. these pins are provided for the connection of an external 14.318 mhz crystal to provide the reference clock for the internal frequency synthesizer, from which all other clock signals are generated. the 14.318 mhz series-cut fundamental (not overtone) mode quartz crystal must have an equivalent series resistance (esr, sometimes referred to as rm) of less then 50 ohms (typically 8 ohms) and a shunt capacitance (co) of less than 7 pf. balance capacitors of 16 pf should also be added, one connected to each pin. in the event of an external oscillator providing the master clock signal to the stpc CONSUMER-II device, the lvttl signal should be connected to xtali. hclk host clock. this clock supplies the cpu and the host related blocks. this clock can be doubled inside the cpu and is intended to operate in the range of 25 mhz to 100 mhz. this clock is generated internally from a pll but can be driven directly from the external system. dev_clk 24 mhz peripheral clock. this 24 mhz signal is provided as a convenience for the system integration of a floppy disk driver function in an external chip. dclk 135 mhz dot clock. this is the dot clock, which drives graphics display cycles. its frequency can go from 8 mhz (using internal pll) up to 135 mhz, and it is required to have a worst case duty cycle of 60-40. this signal is driven either by the internal pll (vga) or by an external 27 mhz oscillator (when the composite video output is enabled). the direction can be controlled by a strap option or an internal register bit. 2.2.2. sdram controller mclko memory clock output. this clock is driving the dimms on board and is generated from an internal pll. the default value is 66 mhz. mclki memory clock input. this clock is driving the sdram controller, the graphics engine and display controller. this input should be a buffered version of the mclko signal with the track lengths between the buffer and the pin matched with the track lengths between the buffer and the dimms. cs#[1:0] chip select these signals are used to disable or enable device operation by masking or enabling all sdram inputs except mclk, cke, and dqm. cs#[2]/ma[11] chip select/bank address this pin is cs#[2] in the case when 16-mbit devices are used. for all other densities, it becomes ma[11]. cs#[3]/ma[12]/ba[1] chip select/memory address/bank address this pin is cs#[3] in the case when 16-mbit devices are used. for all other densities, it becomes ma[12] when two internal banks devices are used and ba[1] when four internal bank devices are used. ma[10:0] memory address. multiplexed row and column address lines. ba[0] memory bank address. md[63:0] memory data. this is the 64-bit memory data bus. md[40-0] are read by the device strap option registers during rising edge of sysrsti#. ras#[1:0] row address strobe. there are two active-low row address strobe output signals. the ras# signals drive the memory devices directly without any external buffering. cas#[1:0] column address strobe. there are two active-low column address strobe output signals. the cas# signals drive the memory devices directly without any external buffering. mwe# write enable. write enable specifies whether the memory access is a read (mwe# = h) or a write (mwe# = l). dqm#[7:0] data mask. makes data output hi-z after the clock and masks the sdram outputs. blocks sdram data input when dqm active. 2.2.3. pci controller pci_clki 33 mhz pci input clock. this signal is the pci bus clock input and should be driven from the pci_clko pin.
pin description release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 17/93 pci_clko 33 mhz pci output clock. this is the master pci bus clock output. ad[31:0] pci address/data. this is the 32-bit multiplexed address and data bus of the pci. this bus is driven by the master during the address phase and the data phase of write transactions. it is driven by the target during the data phase of read transactions. cbe#[3:0] bus commands/byte enables. these are the multiplexed command and byte enable signals of the pci bus. during the address phase they define the command and during the data phase they carry the byte enable information. these pins are inputs when a pci master other than the stpc CONSUMER-II owns the bus and outputs when the stpc CONSUMER-II owns the bus. frame# cycle frame. this is the frame signal of the pci bus. it is an input when a pci master owns the bus and is an output when stpc CONSUMER-II owns the pci bus. irdy# initiator ready. this is the initiator ready signal of the pci bus. it is used as an output when the stpc CONSUMER-II initiates a bus cycle on the pci bus. it is used as an input during the pci cycles targeted to the stpc CONSUMER-II to determine when the current pci master is ready to complete the current transaction. trdy# target ready. this is the target ready signal of the pci bus. it is driven as an output when the stpc CONSUMER-II is the target of the current bus transaction. it is used as an input when stpc CONSUMER-II initiates a cycle on the pci bus. lock# pci lock. this is the lock signal of the pci bus and is used to implement the exclusive bus operations when acting as a pci target agent. devsel# i/o device select. this signal is used as an input when the stpc CONSUMER-II initiates a bus cycle on the pci bus to determine if a pci slave device has decoded itself to be the target of the current transaction. it is asserted as an output, either when the stpc CONSUMER-II is the target of the current pci transaction, or when no other device asserts devsel# prior to the subtractive decode phase of the current pci transaction. stop# stop transaction. stop is used to implement the disconnect, retry and abort protocol of the pci bus. it is used as an input for the bus cycles initiated by the stpc CONSUMER-II and is used as an output when a pci master cycle is targeted to the stpc CONSUMER-II. par parity signal transactions. this is the parity signal of the pci bus. this signal is used to guarantee even parity across ad[31:0], cbe#[3:0], and par. this signal is driven by the master during the address phase and data phase of write transactions. it is driven by the target during data phase of read transactions (its assertion is identical to that of the ad bus delayed by one pci clock cycle). serr# system error. this is the system error signal of the pci bus. it may, if enabled, be asserted for one pci clock cycle if target aborts a stpc CONSUMER-II initiated pci transaction. its assertion by either the stpc CONSUMER-II or by another pci bus agent will trigger the assertion of nmi to the host cpu. this is an open drain output. pcireq#[2:0] pci request. these are the three external pci master request pins. they indicates to the pci arbiter that external agents desire use of the bus. pcignt#[2:0] pci grant. these pins indicate that the pci bus has been granted to the master requesting it on its pcireq#. pci_int#[3:0] pci interrupt request. these are the pci bus interrupt signals. 2.2.4. isa interface isa_clk, isa_clkx2 isa clock x1, x2. these pins generate the clock signal for the isa bus and a doubled clock signal. they are also used as the multiplexer control lines for the interrupt controller interrupt input lines. isa_clk is generated from either pciclk/4 or osc14m/ 2. osc14m isa bus synchronisation clock output. this is the buffered 14.318 mhz clock for the isa bus. la[23:17] unlatched address. when the isa bus is active, these pins are isa bus unlatched address for 16-bit devices. when isa bus is accessed by any cycle initiated from pci bus, these pins are in output mode. when an isa bus master owns the bus, these pins are in input mode. sa[19:0] isa address bus. system address bus of isa on 8-bit slot. these pins are used as an input when an isa bus master owns the bus and are outputs at all other times. sd[15:0] i/o data bus. these pins are the external data bus to the isa bus. ale address latch enable. this is the address latch enable output of the isa bus and is asserted by the stpc CONSUMER-II to indicate that la23- 17, sa19-0, aen and sbhe# signals are valid. the ale is driven high during refresh, dma
pin description 18/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 master or an isa master cycles by the stpc CONSUMER-II. ale is driven low after reset. memr# memory read. this is the memory read command signal of the isa bus. it is used as an input when an isa master owns the bus and is an output at all other times. the memr# signal is active during refresh. memw# memory write. this is the memory write command signal of the isa bus. it is used as an input when an isa master owns the bus and is an output at all other times. smemr# system memory read. the stpc CONSUMER-II generates smemr# signal of the isa bus only when the address is below one megabyte or the cycle is a refresh cycle. smemw# system memory write. the stpc CONSUMER-II generates the smemw# signal of the isa bus only when the address is below one megabyte. ior# i/o read. this is the io read command signal of the isa bus. it is an input when an isa master owns the bus and is an output at all other times. iow# i/o write. this is the io write command signal of the isa bus. it is an input when an isa master owns the bus and is an output at all other times. mcs16# memory chip select16. this is the decode of la23-17 address pins of the isa address bus without any qualification of the command signal lines. mcs16# is always an input. the stpc CONSUMER-II ignores this signal during io and refresh cycles. iocs16# io chip select16. this signal is the decode of sa15-0 address pins of the isa address bus without any qualification of the command signals. the stpc CONSUMER-II does not drive iocs16# (similar to pc-at design). an isa master access to an internal register of the stpc CONSUMER-II is executed as an extended 8- bit io cycle. bhe# system bus high enable. this signal, when asserted, indicates that a data byte is being transferred on sd15-8 lines. it is used as an input when an isa master owns the bus and is an output at all other times. zws# zero wait state. this signal, when assert- ed by an addressed device, indicates that the cur- rent cycle can be shortened. ref# refresh cycle. this is the refresh command signal of the isa bus. it is driven as an output when the stpc CONSUMER-II performs a refresh cycle on the isa bus. it is used as an input when an isa master owns the bus and is used to trigger a refresh cycle. the stpc CONSUMER-II performs a pseudo hidden refresh. it requests the host bus for two host clocks to drive the refresh address and capture it in external buffers. the host bus is then relinquished while the refresh cycle continues on the isa bus. master# add on card owns bus. this signal is active when an isa device has been granted bus ownership. aen address enable. address enable is enabled when the dma controller is the bus owner to indicate that a dma transfer will occur. the enabling of the signal indicates to io devices to ignore the ior#/iow# signal during dma transfers. iochck# io channel check. io channel check is enabled by any isa device to signal an error condition that can not be corrected. the nmi signal becomes active on seeing iochck# active if the corresponding bit in port b is enabled. iochrdy channel ready. iochrdy is the io channel ready signal of the isa bus and is driven as an output in response to an isa master cycle targeted to the host bus or an internal register of the stpc CONSUMER-II. the stpc CONSUMER-II monitors this signal as an input when performing an isa cycle on behalf of the host cpu, dma master or refresh. isa masters which do not monitor iochrdy are not guaranteed to work with the stpc consumer- ii since the access to the system memory can be considerably delayed due uma architecture. isaoe# bidirectional oe control. this signal controls the oe signal of the external transceiver that connects the ide dd bus and isa sa bus. gpiocs# i/o general purpose chip select. this output signal is used by the external latch on isa bus to latch the data on the sd[7:0] bus. the latch can be use by pmu unit to control the external peripheral devices or any other desired function. irq_mux[3:0] multiplexed interrupt request. these are the isa bus interrupt signals. they have to be encoded before connection to the stpc CONSUMER-II using isaclk and isaclkx2 as the input selection strobes. note that irq8b, which by convention is connected to the rtc, is inverted before being sent to the interrupt controller, so that it may be connected directly to the irq pin of the rtc. dreq_mux[1:0] isa bus multiplexed dma request. these are the isa bus dma request signals. they are to be encoded before connection to the stpc CONSUMER-II using
pin description release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 19/93 isaclk and isaclkx2 as the input selection strobes. dack_enc[2:0] dma acknowledge. these are the isa bus dma acknowledge signals. they are encoded by the stpc CONSUMER-II before output and should be decoded externally using isaclk and isaclkx2 as the control strobes. tc isa terminal count. this is the terminal count output of the dma controller and is connected to the tc line of the isa bus. it is asserted during the last dma transfer, when the byte count expires. rtcas real time clock address strobe. this sig- nal is asserted for any i/o write to port 70h. rmrtccs# rom/real time clock chip select. this signal is asserted if a rom access is decoded during a memory cycle. it should be combined with memr# or memw# signals to properly access the rom. during a io cycle, this signal is asserted if access to the real time clock (rtc) is decoded. it should be combined with ior or iow# signals to properly access the real time clock. kbcs# keyboard chip select. this signal is asserted if a keyboard access is decoded during a i/o cycle. rtcrw# real time clock rw . this pin is a multi- function pin. when isaoe# is active, this signal is used as rtcrw#. this signal is asserted for any i/o write to port 71h. rtcds# real time clock ds . this pin is a multi- function pin. when isaoe# is active, this signal is used as rtcds#. this signal is asserted for any i/ o read to port 71h. its polarity complies with the ds pin of the mt48t86 rtc device when configured with intel timings. note: rmrtccs#, kbcs#, rtcrw# and rtcds# signals must be ored externally with isaoe# and then connected to the external device. an ls244 or equivalent function can be used if oe# is connected to isaoe# and the output is provided with a weak pull-up resistor as shown in figure 6-10 . 2.2.5. local bus interface pa[23:0] address bus output. pd[15:0] data bus. this is the 16-bit data bus. d[7:0] is the lsb and pd[15:8] is the msb. prd#[1:0] read control output. prd0# is used to read the lsb and prd1# to read the msb. pwr#[1:0] write control output. pwr0# is used to write the lsb and pwr1# to write the msb. prdy data ready input. this signal is used to create wait states on the bus. when high, it completes the current cycle. fcs#[1:0] flash chip select output. these are the programmable chip select signals for up to two banks of flash memory. iocs#[3:0] i/o chip select output. these are the programmable chip select signals for up to four external i/o devices. 2.2.6. ide interface scs1#, scs3# secondary chip select. these signals are used as the active high secondary master & slave ide chip select signals. these signals must be externally anded with the isaoe # signal before driving the ide devices to guarantee it is active only when isa bus is idle. da[2:0] address. these signals are connected to da[2:0] of ide devices directly or through a buffer. if the toggling of signals are to be masked during isa bus cycles, they can be externally ored with isaoe# before being connected to the ide devices. dd[15:0] databus. when the ide bus is active, they serve as ide signals dd[11:0]. ide devices are connected to sa[19:8] directly and isa bus is connected to these pins through two ls245 transceivers as described in figure 6-10 . pcs1#, pcs3# primary chip select. these signals are used as the active high primary master & slave ide chip select signals. these signals must be externally anded with the isaoe # signal before driving the ide devices to guarantee it is active only when isa bus is idle. diordy busy/ready. this pin serves as ide signal diordy. pirq primary interrupt request. sirq secondary interrupt request. interrupt request from ide channels. pdrq primary dma request. sdrq secondary dma request. dma request from ide channels. pdack# primary dma acknowledge. sdack# secondary dma acknowledge. dma acknowledge to ide channels. pdior#, pdiow# primary i/o read & write. sdior#, sdiow# secondary i/o read & write . primary & secondary channel read & write.
pin description 20/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 2.2.7. vga controller red, green, blue rgb video outputs. these are the three analog colour outputs from the ramdacs. these signals are sensitive to interference, therefore they need to be properly shielded. vsync vertical synchronisation pulse. this is the vertical synchronization signal from the vga controller. hsync horizontal synchronisation pulse. this is the horizontal synchronization signal from the vga controller. vref_dac dac voltage reference. an external voltage reference is connected to this pin to bias the dac. rset resistor current set. this reference current input to the ramdac is used to set the full-scale output of the ramdac. comp compensation. this is the ramdac compensation pin. normally, an external capacitor (typically 10nf) is connected between this pin and v dd to damp oscillations. 2.2.8. video input port vclk pixel clock input. this signal is used to synchronise data being transferred from an external video device to either the frame buffer, or alternatively out the tv output in bypass mode. this pin can be sourced from stpc if no external vclk is detected, or can be input from an external video clock source. vin[7:0] yuv video data input ccir 601 or 656. time multiplexed 4:2:2 luminance and chrominance data as defined in itu-r rec601-2 and rec656 (except for ttl input levels). this bus typically carries a stream of cb,y,cr,y digital video at vclk frequency, clocked on the rising edge (by default) of vclk. 2.2.9. analog tv output port red_tv / c_tv analog video outputs synchronized with cvbs. this output is current- driven and must be connected to analog ground over a load resistor (r load ). following the load resistor, a simple analog low pass filter is recommended. in s-vhs mode, this is the chrominance output. green_tv / y_tv analog video outputs synchronized with cvbs. this output is current- driven and must be connected to analog ground over a load resistor (r load ). following the load resistor, a simple analog low pass filter is recommended. in s-vhs mode, this is the luminance output. blue_tv / cvbs analog video outputs synchronized with cvbs. this output is current- driven and must be connected to analog ground over a load resistor (r load ). following the load resistor, a simple analog low pass filter is recommended. in s-vhs mode, this is a second composite output. cvbs analog video composite output (luminance/ chrominance). cvbs is current-driven and must be connected to analog ground over a load resistor (r load ). following the load resistor, a simple analog low pass filter is recommended. iref1_tv ref. current for cvbs 10-bit dac. iref2_tv reference current for rgb 10-bit dac. vref1_tv ref. voltage for cvbs 10-bit dac. connect to analog ground. vref2_tv reference voltage for rgb 10-bit dac. connect to analog ground. vssa_tv analog v ss for dacs. vdda_tv analog v dd for dacs. jtag signals vcs line synchronisation output. this pin is an input in oddev+hsync or vsync + hsync or vsync slave modes and an output in all other modes (master/slave) odd_even frame synchronisation output. this pin supports the frame synchronisation signal. it is an input in slave modes, except when sync is extracted from ycrcbdata, and an output in master mode and when sync is extracted from ycrcb data the signal is synchronous to rising edge of dclk. the default polarity for this pin is: - odd (not-top) field: low level - even (bottom) field: high level 2.2.10. miscellaneous spkrd speaker drive. this the output to the speaker. it is an and of the counter 2 output with bit 1 of port 61, and drives an external speaker driver. this output should be connected to 7407 type high voltage driver. scl, sda i2c interface . these bidirectional pins are connected to crtc register 3fh to implement ddc capabilities. they conform to i 2 c electrical specifications, they have open-collector output drivers which are internally connected to v dd through pull-up resistors.
pin description release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 21/93 they can be used for the ddc1 (scl) and ddc0 (sda) lines of the vga interface. scan_enable reserved . the pin is reserved for test and miscellaneous functions. col_sel colour select. can be used for picture in picture function. note however that this signal, brought out from the video pipeline, is not in sync with the vga output signals, i.e. the vga signals run four clock cycles after the col_sel signal. vdd_core 2.5 v power supply. these power pins are necessary to supply the core with 2.5 v. tclk test clock tdi test data input tms test mode input tdo test data output
pin description 22/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 .. table 2-4. isa / ide dynamic multiplexing isa bus (isaoe# = 0) ide (isaoe# = 1) rmrtccs# dd[15] kbcs# dd[14] rtcrw# dd[13] rtcds# dd[12] sa[19:8] dd[11:0] la[23] scs3# la[22] scs1# sa[21] pcs3# sa[20] pcs1# la[19:17] da[2:0] iochrdy diordy table 2-5. isa / local bus pin sharing isa / ipc local bus sd[15:0] pd[15:0] dreq_mux[1:0] pa[21:20] smemr# pa[19] memw# pa[18] bhe# pa[17] aen pa[16] ale pa[15] memr# pa[14] ior# pa[13] iow# pa[12] ref# pa[11] iochck# pa[10] gpiocs# pa[9] zws# pa[8] sa[7:4] pa[7:4] tc, dack_enc[2:0] pa[3:0] sa[3] prdy isaoe#,sa[2:0] iocs#[3:0] dev_clk, rtcas fcs#[1:0] iocs16#, master# prd#[1:0] smemw#, mcs16# pwr#[1:0] table 2-6. signal value on reset signal name sysrsti# active sysrsti# inactive sysrsto# active release of sysrsto# basic clocks and resets xtalo 14mhz isa_clk low 7mhz isa_clk2x 14mhz osc14m 14mhz dev_clk 24mhz hclk oscillating at the speed defined by the strap options. pci_clko hclk divided by 2 or 3, depending on the strap options. dclk 17mhz memory controller mclko 66mhz if asynchonous mode, hclk speed if synchronized mode. cs#[3:1] high cs#[0] high sdram init sequence: write cycles ma[10:0], ba[0] 0x00 ras#[1:0], cas#[1:0] high mwe#, dqm[7:0] high md[63:0] input pci interface ad[31:0] 0x0000 first prefetch cycles when not in local bus mode. cbe[3:0], par low frame#, trdy#, irdy# input stop#, devsel# input perr#, serr# input
pin description release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 23/93 pci_gnt#[2:0] high isa bus interface isaoe# high low rmrtccs# hi-z first prefetch cycles when in isa or pcmcia mode. address start is 0xfffff0 la[23:17] unknown 0x00 sa[19:0] 0xfffxx 0xfff03 sd[15:0] unknown 0xff bhe#, memr# unknown high memw#, smemr#, smemw#, ior#, iow# unknown high ref# unknown high ale, aen low dack_enc[2:0] input 0x04 tc input low gpiocs# hi-z high rtcds#, rtcrw#, kbcs# hi-z rtcas unknown low local bus interface pa[24:0] unknown first prefetch cycles pd[15:0] unknown 0xff prd# unknown high pbe#[1:0], fcs0#, fcs_0h# high fcs_0l#, fcs1#, fcs_1h#, fcs_1l# high pwr#, iocs#[7:0] high ide controller dd[15:0] 0xff da[2:0] unknown low pcs1, pcs3, scs1, scs3 unknown low pdack#, sdack# high pdior#, pdiow#, sdior#, sdiow# high vga controller red, green, blue black vsync, hsync low col_sel unknown tv output red_tv, green_tv, blue_tv black cvbs black vcs low odd_even low i2c interface scl / ddc[1] input sda / ddc[0] input jtag tdo high miscellaneous spkrd low table 2-6. signal value on reset signal name sysrsti# active sysrsti# inactive sysrsto# active release of sysrsto#
pin description 24/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 table 2-7. pinout. pin # pin name af3 sysrseti# ae4 sysrseto# a3 xtali c4 xtalo g23 hclk h24 dev_clk ad11 dclk af15 mclki ab23 mclko ae16 ma[0] ad15 ma[1] af16 ma[2] ae17 ma[3] ad16 ma[4] af17 ma[5] ae18 ma[6] ad17 ma[7] af18 ma[8] 3 ae19 ma[9] 3 ae20 ma[10] ac19 ma[11]/ba[0] af22 cs#[0] ad21 cs#[1] ae24 cs#[2]/ma[11] ad23 cs#[3]/ma[12]/ba[1] af23 ras#[0] ad22 ras#[1] ae21 cas#[0] ac20 cas#[1] af20 dqm#[0] ad19 dqm#[1] af21 dqm#[2] ad20 dqm#[3] ae22 dqm#[4] ae23 dqm#[5] af19 dqm#[6] ad18 dqm#[7] ac22 mwe# r1 md[0] 3 t2 md[1] 3 r3 md[2] t1 md[3] r4 md[4] u2 md[5] t3 md[6] u1 md[7] u4 md[8] v2 md[9] u3 md[10] v1 md[11] w2 md[12] v3 md[13] y2 md[14] w4 md[15] y1 md[16] w3 md[17] aa2 md[18] y4 md[19] aa1 md[20] y3 md[21] ab2 md[22] ab1 md[23] aa3 md[24] ab4 md[25] ac1 md[26] ab3 md[27] ad2 md[28] ac3 md[29] ad1 md[30] af2 md[31] af24 md[32] ae26 md[33] ad25 md[34] ad26 md[35] ac25 md[36] ac24 md[37] ac26 md[38] ab25 md[39] ab24 md[40] ab26 md[41] aa25 md[42] y23 md[43] aa24 md[44] aa26 md[45] y25 md[46] y26 md[47] y24 md[48] w25 md[49] 3 v23 md[50] 3 w26 md[51] 3 w24 md[52] 3 v25 md[53] 3 v26 md[54] 3 u25 md[55] 3 v24 md[56] 3 u26 md[57] 3 u23 md[58] 3 pin # pin name t25 md[59] 3 u24 md[60] 3 t26 md[61] 3 r25 md[62] 3 r26 md[63] 3 f24 pci_clki d25 pci_clko b20 ad[0] c20 ad[1] b19 ad[2] a19 ad[3] c19 ad[4] b18 ad[5] a18 ad[6] b17 ad[7] c18 ad[8] a17 ad[9] d17 ad[10] b16 ad[11] c17 ad[12] b15 ad[13] a15 ad[14] c16 ad[15] b14 ad[16] d15 ad[17] a14 ad[18] b13 ad[19] d13 ad[20] a13 ad[21] c14 ad[22] b12 ad[23] c13 ad[24] a12 ad[25] c12 ad[26] a11 ad[27] d12 ad[28] b10 ad[29] c11 ad[30] a10 ad[31] d10 cbe[0] c10 cbe[1] a9 cbe[2] b8 cbe[3] a8 frame# b7 trdy# d8 irdy# a7 stop# c8 devsel# b6 par pin # pin name
pin description release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 25/93 d7 serr# a6 lock# d20 pci_req#[0] c21 pci_req#[1] a21 pci_req#[2] c22 pci_gnt#[0] a22 pci_gnt#[1] b21 pci_gnt#[2] a5 pci_int#[0] c6 pci_int#[1] b4 pci_int#[2] d5 pci_int#[3] f2 la[17]/da[0[ g4 la[18]/da[1] f3 la[19]/da[2] f1 la[20]/pcs1# g2 la[21]/pcs3# g1 la[22]/scs1# h2 la[23]/scs3# j4 sa[0] h1 sa[1] h3 sa[2] j2 sa[3] j1 sa[4] k2 sa[5] j3 sa[6] k1 sa[7] k4 sa[8] l2 sa[9] k3 sa[10] l1 sa[11] m2 sa[12] m1 sa[13] l3 sa[14] n2 sa[15] m4 sa[16] m3 sa[17] p2 sa[18] p4 sa[19] k25 sd[0] l24 sd[1] k26 sd[2] k23 sd[3] j25 sd[4] k24 sd[5] j26 sd[6] h25 sd[7] h26 sd[8] pin # pin name j24 sd[9] g25 sd[10] h23 sd[11] d24 sd[12] c26 sd[13] a25 sd[14] b24 sd[15] ad4 isa_clk af4 isa_clk2x c9 osc14m p25 ale ae8 zws# r23 bhe# p26 memr# r24 memw# n25 smemr# n23 smemw# n26 ior# p24 iow# n24 mcs16# m26 iocs16# m25 master# l25 ref# m24 aen l26 iochck# t24 iochrdy m23 isaoe# a4 rtcas p3 rtcds# r2 rtcrw# p1 rmrtccs# ae3 gpiocs# g26 pa[22] 3 a20 pa[23] 3 b1 pirq c2 sirq c1 pdrq d2 sdrq d3 pdack# d1 sdack# e2 pdior# e4 pdiow# e3 sdior# e1 sdiow# e23 irq_mux[0] d26 irq_mux[1] pin # pin name e24 irq_mux[2] c25 irq_mux[3] a24 dreq_mux[0] b23 dreq_mux[1] c23 dack_enc[0] a23 dack_enc[1] b22 dack_enc[2] d22 tc n3 kbcs# af9 red ae9 green ad8 blue ac5 vsync ae5 hsync ac10 vref_dac ae10 rset ad7 comp ae15 vclk ad5 vin[0] af7 vin[1] af5 vin[2] ae6 vin[3] ac7 vin[4] ad6 vin[5] af6 vin[6] ae7 vin[7] ad10 red_tv af11 green_tv ae12 blue_tv ae13 vcs ac12 odd_even af14 cvbs ae11 iref1_tv af12 vref1_tv ae14 iref2_tv ac14 vref2_tv c5 spkrd b5 scl c7 sda b3 scan_enable c15 col_sel g3 tclk n1 tms w1 tdi pin # pin name
pin description 26/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 note 1 ; these pins must be connected to the 2.5 v power supply. they must not be connected to the 3.3 v supply. ac2 tdo ad12 vdda_tv af8 vdd_dac1 g24 vdd_cpuclk_pll 1 ad13 vdd_dclk_pll 1 f25 vdd_devclk_pll 1 ac17 vdd_mclki_pll 1 ac15 vdd_mclko_pll 1 f26 vdd_hclk_pll 1 e25 vdd_skew_pll 1 d11 vdd_core 1 l23 vdd_core 1 t4 vdd_core 1 ac6 vdd_core 1 d6 vdd d16 vdd d21 vdd f4 vdd f23 vdd ac11 vdd ac16 vdd ac21 vdd aa4 vdd aa23 vdd t23 vdd l4 vdd af13 vssa_tv ac9 vss_dac1 a1:2 vss a26 vss b2 vss b25:26 vss c3 vss c24 vss d4 vss d9 vss d14 vss d19 vss d23 vss h4 vss j23 vss l11:16 vss m11:16 vss n4 vss n11:16 vss pin # pin name p11:16 vss p23 vss r11:16 vss t11:16 vss v4 vss w23 vss ac4 vss ac8 vss ac13 vss ac18 vss ac23 vss ad3 vss ad14 compensation_vs ad24 vss ae1:2 vss ae25 vss af1 vss af25 vss af26 vss a16 unconnected b9 unconnected b11 unconnected d18 unconnected e26 unconnected ad9 unconnected af10 unconnected pin # pin name
strap options release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 27/93 3. strap options this chapter defines the stpc CONSUMER-II strap options and their location. some strap options are left programmable for future versions of silicon. . table 3-1. strap options signal designation actual settings 1 set to 0 set to 1 md1 reserved pull up - - md2 hclk pll speed user defined see section 3.1.4. bit 6 md3 user defined see section 3.1.4. bit 7 md4 pciclko division user defined see section 3.1.3. bit 1 md5 mclk/hclk sync (see section 3.1.1. ) user defined async sync md6 pciclko frequency user defined see section 3.1.1. bit 6 md7 reserved pull down - - md10 reserved pull down - - md11 reserved pull down - - md14 reserved pull up - - md16 reserved pull up - - md17 pci_clko divisor user defined see section 3.1.3. bit 1 md18 reserved pull-up - - md19 reserved pull-up - - md20 dclk pad direction user defined input output md21 reserved pull up - - md22 reserved pull up - - md23 reserved pull up - - md24 hclk pll speed user defined see section 3.1.4. bit 3 md25 user defined see section 3.1.4. bit 4 md26 user defined see section 3.1.4. bit 5 md27 reserved pull down - - md28 reserved pull down - - md29 reserved pull down - - md30 reserved pull down - - md40 cpu mode (see section 3.1.3. ) user defined x1 x2 md41 reserved pull down - - md42 reserved pull up - - md43 reserved pull down - - md44 bus select (see section 3.1.1. ) user defined isa local bus md45 reserved pull down - - md46 reserved pull up - - md47 reserved pull down - - md48 reserved pull up - - tc reserved pull up - - dack_enc[2:0] reserved pull up - - note 1 : where a strap is represented by a pull up or pull down, these have to be adhered to. if it is represented as a - it can be left unconnected. where user defined, the strap is set by the user.
strap options 28/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 3.1. power-on strap register descriptions 3.1.1. adpc strap register 0 configuration strap0 access = 0022h/0023h regoffset = 04ah 76543210 md[7] md[6] see table below md[4] rsv see table below see table below see table belowl this register defaults to the values sampled on md[7:4] pins after reset bit number sampled mnemonic description bits 7-6 md[7:6] pciclk pll set-up: the value sampled on md[7:6] controls the pciclk pll programming according to pciclk frequency. md7 md6 0 0 pciclk frequency between 16 & 32 mhz 0 1 pciclk frequency between 32 & 64 mhz 1 x reserved bit 5 md[5] for the parts referenced stpcc4 , see section section 3.1.1. bit 2. md[44] for the parts referenced stpcc5 , this s trap selects betwen local bus or isa mode. 0 = isa mode 1 = local bus mode this strap is not readable in a register for the stpcc4 . bit 4 md[4] pciclk division: this bit reflects the value sampled on [md4] and is used together with md[17] to select the pciclk frequency. md4 md17 0 x pci clock output = hclk / 4 1 0 pci clock output = hclk / 3 1 1 pci clock output = hclk / 2 bits 2 rsv for the parts referenced stpcc4 these bits are reserved md[5] host memory synchronization. this bit reflects the value sampled on md[5] and controls the mclk/hclk synchronization. 0: mclk and hclk not synchronized 1: mclk and hclk synchronized for improved system performance. bit 1-0 rsv for the parts referenced stpcc4 these bits are reserved md[4,17] for the parts referenced stpcc5 . these bits reflect the values sampled on md[17] pin and controls the pci clock output in conjunction with md[4], as follows: md4 md17 0 x pci clock output = hclk / 4 1 0 pci clock output = hclk / 3 1 1 pci clock output = hclk / 2
strap options release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 29/93 3.1.2. adpc strap register 1 configuration strap1 access = 0022h/0023h regoffset = 04bh 76543210 rsv rsv rsv rsv rsv this register defaults to the values sampled on md[13:10] pins after reset bit number sampled mnemonic description bits 7-6 rsv reserved bits 5-2 md[13:10] reserved bits 1-0 rsv reserved
strap options 30/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 3.1.3. adpc strap register 2 configuration strap2 access = 0022h/0023h regoffset = 04ch 76543210 see table below rsv md[20] md[19] md[18] see table below rsv this register defaults to the values sampled on md pins after reset bit number sampled mnemonic description bits 7 rsv for the parts referenced stpcc4, reserved md[40] for the parts referenced stpcc5, this bit reflects the value sampled on md[40] is used is used to set the clock multiplication factor of the 486 core, as follows: md[40] 0 dx (x1) 1 dx2 (x2) this strap is not readable in a register for the stpcc4 . bit 6-5 rsv reserved bits 4 md[20] this bit reflects the value sampled on md[20] pin and controls the dot clock (dclk) source as follows: 0: external. dclk pin is an input. 1: internal. dclk pin is an output and is connected to the internal frequency synthesizer output. note this bit is writeable as well as readable. bit 3 rsv reserved bit 2 rsv reserved bit 1 md[17] for the parts referenced stpcc4 , see section section 3.1.1. bits 1:0. rsv for the parts referenced stpcc5 .this bit is reserved and not connected bit 0 rsv reserved
strap options release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 31/93 3.1.4. cpc strap register 0 configuration table 3-1. hclk frequency programming hclk_strap access = 0022h/0023h regoffset = 05fh 76543210 md[3} md[2] md[26] md[25] md[24] rsv this register defaults to the values sampled on md pins after reset bit number sampled mnemonic description bits 7-3 md[3:2] & md[26:24] these pins reflect the values sampled on md[3:2] and md[26:24] pins respectively and control the host clock frequency synthesizer as shown in table 3-1 bits 2-0 rsv reserved md[3] md[2] md[26] md[25] md[24] hclk speed 00000 25 mhz 00001 50 mhz 00010 60 mhz 00011 66 mhz 01001 75 mhz 10011 90 mhz 11001 100 mhz
strap options 32/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002
electrical specifications release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 33/93 4. electrical specifications 4.1. introduction the electrical specifications in this chapter are valid for the stpc CONSUMER-II. 4.2. electrical connections 4.2.1. power/ground connections/ decoupling due to the high frequency of operation of the stpc CONSUMER-II, it is necessary to install and test this device using standard high frequency techniques. the high clock frequencies used in the stpc CONSUMER-II and its output buffer circuits can cause transient power surges when several output buffers switch output levels simultaneously. these effects can be minimized by filtering the dc power leads with low- inductance decoupling capacitors, using low impedance wiring, and by utilizing all of the vss and vdd pins. 4.2.2. unused input pins no unused input pin should be left unconnected unless they have an integrated pull-up or pull- down. connect active-low inputs to vdd through a 20 k w (10%) pull-up resistor and active-high inputs to vss. for bi-directionnal active-high inputs, connect to vss through a 20 k w (10%) pull-up resistor to prevent spurious operation. 4.2.3. reserved designated pins pins designated as reserved should be left dis- connected. connecting a reserved pin to a pull-up resistor, pull-down resistor, or an active signal could cause unexpected results and possible circuit malfunctions. 4.3. absolute maximum ratings the following table lists the absolute maximum ratings for the stpc CONSUMER-II device. stresses beyond those listed under table 4-1 limits may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress ratings only and do not imply that operation under any conditions other than those specified in section "operating conditions". exposure to conditions beyond those outlined in table 4-1 may (1) reduce device reliability and (2) result in premature failure even when there is no immediately apparent sign of failure. prolonged exposure to conditions at or near the absolute maximum ratings ( table 4-1 ) may also result in reduced useful life and reliability. 4.3.1. 5v tolerance the stpc is capable of running with i/o systems that operate at 5 v such as pci and isa devices. certain pins of the stpc tolerate inputs up to 5.5 v. above this limit the component is likely to sustain permanent damage. . note 1: the figures specified apply to the tcase of a stpc device that is soldered to a board, as detailed in the design guidelines section, for commercial and in- dustrial temperature ranges. table 4-1. absolute maximum ratings symbol parameter minimum maximum units v ddx dc supply voltage -0.3 4.0 v v core dc supply voltage for core -0.3 2.7 v v i , v o digital input and output voltage -0.3 vdd + 0.3 v v 5t 5volt tolerance -0.3 5.5 v v esd esd capacity (human body mode) - 2000 c t stg storage temperature -40 +150 t oper operating temperature (note 1) 0 +85 c -40 +115 c p tot maximum power dissipation (package) - 4.8 w
electrical specifications 34/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 4.4. dc characteristics table 4-2. dc characteristics symbol parameter test conditions min typ max unit v dd operating voltage 3.0 3.3 3.6 v v core operating voltage 2.45 2.5 2.7 v p dd supply power 3.0v < v dd < 3.6v 0.18 w p core supply power 2.45v < v core < 2.7v 2.90 w v il input low voltage except xtali -0.3 0.8 v xtali -0.3 0.8 v v ih input high voltage except xtali 2.1 v dd +0.3 v xtali 2.35 v dd +0.3 v i lk input leakage current input, i/o -5 5 m a integrated pull up/down 50 k w table 4-3. pad buffers dc characteristics buffer type i/o count v ih min (v) v il max (v) v oh min (v) v ol max (v) i ol min (ma) i oh max (ma) c load max (pf) derating (ps/pf) 1 c in (pf) ana 8 2.35 0.9 - - - - - - - osci13b 1 2.1 0.8 2.4 0.4 2 - 2 50 - - bt8trp_tc 5 - - 2.4 0.4 8 - 8 200 21 6.89 bd4strp_ft 50 2 0.8 2.4 0.4 4 - 4 100 42 5.97 bd4strup_ft 10 2 0.8 2.4 0.4 4 - 4 100 41 5.97 bd8strp_ft 26 2 0.8 2.4 0.4 8 - 8 200 23 5.96 bd8strup_ft 40 2 0.8 2.4 0.4 8 - 8 200 23 5.96 bd8strp_tc 10 2 0.8 2.4 0.4 8 - 8 200 21 7.02 bd8trp_tc 60 2 0.8 2.4 0.4 8 - 8 200 21 7.03 bd8pciarp_ft 49 0.5*v dd 0.3*v dd 0.9*v dd 0.1*v dd 1.5 - 0.5 200 15 6.97 bd16staruqp_tc 19 2 0.8 2.4 0.4 16 -16 400 12 9.34 schmitt_ft 1 2 0.8 - - - - - - 5.97 tlcht_ft 5 2 0.8 - - - - - - 5.97 tlcht_tc 1 2 0.8 - - - - - - 5.97 tlchtd_tc 1 2 0.8 - - - - - - 5.97 note 1: time to output variation depending on the capacitive load. table 4-4. ramdac dc specification symbol parameter min max vref_dac voltage reference 1.00 v 1.24 v inl integrated non linear error - 3 lsb dnl differentiated non linear error - 1 lsb blc black level current 1.0 ma 2.0 ma wlc white level current 15.00 ma 18.50 ma
electrical specifications release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 35/93 note 1: pci clock at 33mhz table 4-5. vga ramdac power consumption dclk (mhz) dac mode (state) p max (mw) vdd_dac = 2.45v vdd_dac = 2.7v - shutdown 0 0 6.25 - 135 active 150 180 table 4-6. 2.5v power consumptions (v core + vdd_x_pll + vdd_dac) hclk (mhz) cpuclk (mhz) mclk (mhz) mode dclk (mhz) pmu (state) p max (w) v 2.5v =2.45v v 2.5v =2.7v 66 66 (x1) 66 sync stopped stop clock 0.6 0.9 full speed 1.4 1.8 135 stop clock 0.9 1.2 full speed 1.7 2.3 100 100 (x1) 100 sync stopped stop clock 0.8 1.1 full speed 1.5 2.0 135 stop clock 1.5 1.9 full speed 2.1 2.7 66 133 (x2) 66 sync stopped stop clock 0.7 0.9 full speed 1.7 2.1 135 stop clock 0.9 1.2 full speed 1.9 2.5 66 133 (x2) 100 async stopped stop clock 0.8 1.1 full speed 1.6 2.1 135 stop clock 1.5 1.9 full speed 2.3 2.9 table 4-7. 3.3v power consumptions (v dd ) hclk (mhz) cpuclk (mhz) mclk (mhz) dclk (mhz) pmu (state) p max (mw) 66 66 (x1) 66 6.26 full speed 90 135 160 100 100 (x1) 100 6.26 full speed 115 135 180 66 133 (x2) 66 6.26 full speed 100 135 165 66 133 (x2) 100 6.26 full speed 115 135 180 table 4-8. pll power consumptions pll name p max (mw) vdd_pll = 2.45v vdd_pll = 2.7v vdd_dclk_pll 5 10 vdd_devclk_pll 5 10 vdd_hclki_pll 5 10 vdd_hclko_pll 5 10 vdd_mclki_pll 5 10 vdd_mclko_pll 5 10 vdd_pciclk_pll 5 10
electrical specifications 36/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 4.5. ac characteristics this section lists the ac characteristics of the stpc interfaces including output delays, input setup requirements, input hold requirements and output float delays. these measurements are based on the measurement points identified in figure 4-1 and figure 4-2 . the rising clock edge reference level vref and other reference levels are shown in table 4-9 below. input or output signals must cross these levels during testing. figure 4-1 shows output delay (a and b) and input setup and hold times (c and d). input setup and hold times (c and d) are specified minimums, defining the smallest acceptable sampling window a synchronous input signal must be stable for correct operation. note: refer to figure 4-1 . table 4-9. drive level and measurement points for switching characteristics symbol value units v ref 1.5 v v ihd 2.5 v v ild 0.0 v figure 4-1. drive level and measurement points for switching characteristics clk: v ref v ild v ihd tx legend: a - maximum output delay specification b - minimum output delay specification c - minimum input setup specification d - minimum input hold specification v ref valid valid valid outputs: inputs: output n output n+1 input max min a b cd v ref v ild v ihd
electrical specifications release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 37/93 figure 4-2. clk timing measurement points clk t5 t4 t3 v ref v il (max) v ih (min) t2 t1 legend: t1 - one clock cycle t2 - minimum time at v ih t3 - minimum time at v il t4 - clock fall time t5 - clock rise time note; all signals are sampled on the rising edge of the clk.
electrical specifications 38/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 4.5.1. power on sequence figure 4-3 describes the power-on sequence of the stpc, also called cold reset. there is no dependency between the different power supplies and there is no constraint on their rising time. sysrsti# as no constraint on its rising edge but must stay active until power supplies are all within specifications, a margin of 10 m s is even recommended to let the stpc plls and strap options stabilize. strap options are continuously sampled during sysrsti# low and must remain stable. once sysrsti# is high, they must not change until sysrsto# goes high. bus activity starts only few clock cycles after the release of sysrsto#. the t oggling signals depend on the stpc configuration. in isa mode, activity is visible on pci prior to the isa bus as the controller is part of the south bridge. in local bus mode, the pci bus is not accessed and the flash chip select is the control signal to monitor. figure 4-3. power-on timing diagram strap options power supplies sysrsti# sysrsto# 14 mhz 1.6 v valid configuration > 10 us hclk pci_clk 2.3 ms isaclk
electrical specifications release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 39/93 4.5.2 reset sequence figure 4-4 describes the reset sequence of the stpc, also called warm reset. the constraints on the strap options and the bus activities are the same as for the cold reset. the sysrsti# pulse duration must be long enough to have all the strap options stabilized and must be adjusted depending on resistor values. it is mandatory to have a clean reset pulse without glitches as the stpc could then sample invalid strap option setting and enter into an umpredicta- ble mode. while sysrsti# is active, the pci clock pll runs in open loop mode at a speed of few 100s khz. fi g ure 4-4. reset timin g dia g ram strap options sysrsti# sysrsto# 14 mhz valid configuration hclk pci_clk 2.3 ms isaclk 1.6 v md[63:0]
electrical specifications 40/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 4.5.3. sdram interface figure 4-5 , table 4-10 lists the ac characteristics of the sdram interface. for correct operation, the programmable read clock delay (rdclk) must be activated for the crtc and the delay set to the minimum. this is done by setting the latch_crtc_data_in bit in the sdram controller register 0 and clear the bits[3:0] in register 1. the pc133 memory is recommended to reach 100mhz operation. figure 4-5. sdram timing diagram mclki stpc.output stpc.input mclkx t delay t setup t hold t output (min) t output (max) t cycle t high t low table 4-10. sdram bus ac timing name parameter min typ max unit tcycle mclki cycle time 10 ns thigh mclki high time 4 ns tlow mclki low time 4 ns mclki rising time 1 ns mclki falling time 1 ns tdela y mclkx to mclki dela y -0.9 ns toutput mclki to outputs valid 5.2 7 ns mclki to dqm[ ] outputs valid 6.5 8.8 ns mclki to md[ ] outputs valid 6.5 8.8 ns tsetup md[63:0] setup to mckli 3.75 4.0 ns thold md[63:0] hold from mckli 1.3 2.5 ns note: these timing are for a load of 50pf.
electrical specifications release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 41/93 4.5.4. pci interface table 4-11 lists the ac characteristics of the pci interface. table 4-11. pci bus ac timing name parameter min typ max unit hclk to pciclko delay (md[30:27] = 0000) ns hclk to pciclki delay 2.9 4.3 5.8 ns pciclko cycle time 30 ns pciclko high time ns pciclko low time ns pciclki cycle time 30 ns pciclki high time ns pciclki low time ns pciclki rising time ns pciclki falling time ns pciclki to any output 5.9 - 15.8 ns pciclki to pci_gnt#[2:0] 6.8 - 16.8 ns setup to pcickli 2.2 - - ns frame# setup to pcickli 2.9 - - ns pci_req#[2:0] setup to pcickli 7.2 - - ns hold from pciclki 4.8 - - ns
electrical specifications 42/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 4.5.5 ipc interface table 4-12 lists the ac characteristics of the ipc interface. figure 4-6. ipc timing diagram isaclk irq_mux[3:0] dreq_mux[1:0] isaclk2x t dly t setup t setup table 4-12. ipc interface ac timings name parameter min max unit t dly isaclk2x to isaclk delay ns isaclk2x to dack_enc[2:0] valid ns isaclk2x to tc valid ns t setup irq_mux[3:0] input setup to isaclk2x 0 - ns t setup dreq_mux[1:0] input setup to isaclk2x 0 - ns
electrical specifications release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 43/93 4.5.6 isa interface ac timing characteristics table 4-7 and table 4-13 list the ac characteris- tics of the isa interface. figure 4-7 isa cycle (ref table 4-13 ) note 1: stands for smemr#, smemw#, memr#, memw#, ior# & iow#. the clock has not been represented as it is dependent on the isa slave mode. valid aenx valid address valid address, sbhe* v.dat a valid data 54 28 26 64 59 58 55 28 23 61 48 47 26 23 57 27 24 42 41 10 11 34 33 3 22 56 29 25 9 18 2 12 38 37 15 14 13 12 ale aen la [23:17] sa [19:0] control (note 1) iocs16# mcs16# iochrdy read data write data table 4-13. isa bus ac timing name parameter min max units 2 la[23:17] valid before ale# negated 5t cycles 3 la[23:17] valid before memr#, memw# asserted 3a memory access to 16-bit isa slave 5t cycles 3b memory access to 8-bit isa slave 5t cycles 9 sa[19:0] & sbhe valid before ale# negated 1t cycles 10 sa[19:0] & sbhe valid before memr#, memw# asserted 10a memory access to 16-bit isa slave 2t cycles 10b memory access to 8-bit isa slave 2t cycles 10 sa[19:0] & shbe valid before smemr#, smemw# asserted 10c memory access to 16-bit isa slave 2t cycle note: the signal numbering refers to table 4-7
electrical specifications 44/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 10d memory access to 8-bit isa slave 2t cycle 10e sa[19:0] & sbhe valid before ior#, iow# asserted 2t cycles 11 isaclk2x to iow# valid 11a memory access to 16-bit isa slave - 2bclk 2t cycles 11b memory access to 16-bit isa slave - standard 3bclk 2t cycles 11c memory access to 16-bit isa slave - 4bclk 2t cycles 11d memory access to 8-bit isa slave - 2bclk 2t cycles 11e memory access to 8-bit isa slave - standard 3bclk 2t cycles 12 ale# asserted before ale# negated 1t cycles 13 ale# asserted before memr#, memw# asserted 13a memory access to 16-bit isa slave 2t cycles 13b memory access to 8-bit isa slave 2t cycles 13 ale# asserted before smemr#, smemw# asserted 13c memory access to 16-bit isa slave 2t cycles 13d memory access to 8-bit isa slave 2t cycles 13e ale# asserted before ior#, iow# asserted 2t cycles 14 ale# asserted before al[23:17] 14a non compressed 15t cycles 14b compressed 15t cycles 15 ale# asserted before memr#, memw#, smemr#, smemw# negated 15a memory access to 16-bit isa slave- 4 bclk 11t cycles 15e memory access to 8-bit isa slave- standard cycle 11t cycles 18a ale# negated before la[23:17] invalid (non compressed) 14t cycles 18a ale# negated before la[23:17] invalid (compressed) 14t cycles 22 memr#, memw# asserted before la[23:17] 22a memory access to 16-bit isa slave. 13t cycles 22b memory access to 8-bit isa slave. 13t cycles 23 memr#, memw# asserted before memr#, memw# negated 23b memory access to 16-bit isa slave standard cycle 9t cycles 23e memory access to 8-bit isa slave standard cycle 9t cycles 23 smemr#, smemw# asserted before smemr#, smemw# negated 23h memory access to 16-bit isa slave standard cycle 9t cycles 23l memory access to 16-bit isa slave standard cycle 9t cycles 23 ior#, iow# asserted before ior#, iow# negated 23o memory access to 16-bit isa slave standard cycle 9t cycles 23r memory access to 8-bit isa slave standard cycle 9t cycles 24 memr#, memw# asserted before sa[19:0] 24b memory access to 16-bit isa slave standard cycle 10t cycles 24d memory access to 8-bit isa slave - 3blck 10t cycles 24e memory access to 8-bit isa slave standard cycle 10t cycles 24f memory access to 8-bit isa slave - 7bclk 10t cycles 24 smemr#, smemw# asserted before sa[19:0] 24h memory access to 16-bit isa slave standard cycle 10t cycles 24i memory access to 16-bit isa slave - 4bclk 10t cycles 24k memory access to 8-bit isa slave - 3bclk 10t cycles 24l memory access to 8-bit isa slave standard cycle 10t cycles table 4-13. isa bus ac timing name parameter min max units note: the si g nal numberin g refers to table 4-7
electrical specifications release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 45/93 24 ior#, iow# asserted before sa[19:0] 24o i/o access to 16-bit isa slave standard cycle 19t cycles 24r i/o access to 16-bit isa slave standard cycle 19t cycles 25 memr#, memw# asserted before next ale# asserted 25b memory access to 16-bit isa slave standard cycle 10t cycles 25d memory access to 8-bit isa slave standard cycle 10t cycles 25 smemr#, smemw# asserted before next ale# asserted 25e memory access to 16-bit isa slave - 2bclk 10t cycles 25f memory access to 16-bit isa slave standard cycle 10t cycles 25h memory access to 8-bit isa slave standard cycle 10t cycles 25 ior#, iow# asserted before next ale# asserted 25i i/o access to 16-bit isa slave standard cycle 10t cycles 25k i/o access to 16-bit isa slave standard cycle 10t cycles 26 memr#, memw# asserted before next memr#, memw# asserted 26b memory access to 16-bit isa slave standard cycle 12t cycles 26d memory access to 8-bit isa slave standard cycle 12t cycles 26 smemr#, smemw# asserted before next smemr#, smemw# asserted 26f memory access to 16-bit isa slave standard cycle 12t cycles 26h memory access to 8-bit isa slave standard cycle 12t cycles 26 ior#, iow# asserted before next ior#, iow# asserted 26i i/o access to 16-bit isa slave standard cycle 12t cycles 26k i/o access to 8-bit isa slave standard cycle 12t cycles 28 any command negated to memr#, smemr#, memr#, smemw# asserted 28a memory access to 16-bit isa slave 3t cycles 28b memory access to 8-bit isa slave 3t cycles 28 any command negated to ior#, iow# asserted 28c i/o access to isa slave 3t cycles 29a memr#, memw# negated before next ale# asserted 1t cycles 29b smemr#, smemw# negated before next ale# asserted 1t cycles 29c ior#, iow# negated before next ale# asserted 1t cycles 33 la[23:17] valid to iochrdy negated 33a memory access to 16-bit isa slave - 4 bclk 8t cycles 33b memory access to 8-bit isa slave - 7 bclk 14t cycles 34 la[23:17] valid to read data valid 34b memory access to 16-bit isa slave standard cycle 8t cycles 34e memory access to 8-bit isa slave standard cycle 14t cycles 37 ale# asserted to iochrdy# negated 37a memory access to 16-bit isa slave - 4 bclk 6t cycles 37b memory access to 8-bit isa slave - 7 bclk 12t cycles 37c i/o access to 16-bit isa slave - 4 bclk 6t cycles 37d i/o access to 8-bit isa slave - 7 bclk 12t cycles 38 ale# asserted to read data valid 38b memory access to 16-bit isa slave standard cycle 4t cycles 38e memory access to 8-bit isa slave standard cycle 10t cycles 38h i/o access to 16-bit isa slave standard cycle 4t cycles 38l i/o access to 8-bit isa slave standard cycle 10t cycles table 4-13. isa bus ac timing name parameter min max units note: the signal numbering refers to table 4-7
electrical specifications 46/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 41 sa[19:0] sbhe valid to iochrdy negated 41a memory access to 16-bit isa slave 6t cycles 41b memory access to 8-bit isa slave 12t cycles 41c i/o access to 16-bit isa slave 6t cycles 41d i/o access to 8-bit isa slave 12t cycles 42 sa[19:0] sbhe valid to read data valid 42b memory access to 16-bit isa slave standard cycle 4t cycles 42e memory access to 8-bit isa slave standard cycle 10t cycles 42h i/o access to 16-bit isa slave standard cycle 4t cycles 42l i/o access to 8-bit isa slave standard cycle 10t cycles 47 memr#, memw#, smemr#, smemw#, ior#, iow# asserted to iochrdy negated 47a memory access to 16-bit isa slave 2t cycles 47b memory access to 8-bit isa slave 5t cycles 47c i/o access to 16-bit isa slave 2t cycles 47d i/o access to 8-bit isa slave 5t cycles 48 memr#, smemr#, ior# asserted to read data valid 48b memory access to 16-bit isa slave standard cycle 2t cycles 48e memory access to 8-bit isa slave standard cycle 5t cycles 48h i/o access to 16-bit isa slave standard cycle 2t cycles 48l i/o access to 8-bit isa slave standard cycle 5t cycles 54 iochrdy asserted to read data valid 54a memory access to 16-bit isa slave 1t(r)/2t(w) cycles 54b memory access to 8-bit isa slave 1t(r)/2t(w) cycles 54c i/o access to 16-bit isa slave 1t(r)/2t(w) cycles 54d i/o access to 8-bit isa slave 1t(r)/2t(w) cycles 55a iochrdy asserted to memr#, memw#, smemr#, smemw#, ior#, iow# negated 1t cycles 55b iochry asserted to memr#, smemr# negated (refresh) 1t cycles 56 iochrdy asserted to next ale# asserted 2t cycles 57 iochrdy asserted to sa[19:0], sbhe invalid 2t cycles 58 memr#, ior#, smemr# negated to read data invalid 0t cycles 59 memr#, ior#, smemr# negated to data bus float 0t cycles 61 write data before memw# asserted 61a memory access to 16-bit isa slave 2t cycles 61b memory access to 8-bit isa slave (byte copy at end of start) 2t cycles 61 write data before smemw# asserted 61c memory access to 16-bit isa slave 2t cycles 61d memory access to 8-bit isa slave 2t cycles 61 write data valid before iow# asserted 61e i/o access to 16-bit isa slave 2t cycles 61f i/o access to 8-bit isa slave 2t cycles 64a memw# negated to write data invalid - 16-bit 1t cycles 64b memw# negated to write data invalid - 8-bit 1t cycles 64c smemw# negated to write data invalid - 16-bit 1t cycles 64d smemw# negated to write data invalid - 8-bit 1t cycles table 4-13. isa bus ac timing name parameter min max units note: the si g nal numberin g refers to table 4-7
electrical specifications release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 47/93 64e iow# negated to write data invalid 1t cycles 64f memw# negated to copy data float, 8-bit isa slave, odd byte by isa master 1t cycles 64g iow# negated to copy data float, 8-bit isa slave, odd byte by isa master 1t cycles table 4-13. isa bus ac timing name parameter min max units note: the signal numbering refers to table 4-7
electrical specifications 48/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 4.5.7. local bus interface figure 4-3 to figure 4-11 and table 4-15 list the ac characteristics of the local bus interface. figure 4-8. synchronous read cycle pa[ ] bus csx# prd#[1:0] pd[15:0] hclk t setup t active t hold figure 4-9. asynchronous read cycle pa[ ] bus csx# prd#[1:0] pd[15:0] hclk t setup t end t hold prdy
electrical specifications release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 49/93 figure 4-10. synchronous write cycle pa[ ] bus csx# pwr#[1:0] pd[15:0] hclk t setup t active t hold figure 4-11. asynchronous write cycle pa[ ] bus csx# pwr#[1:0] pd[15:0] hclk t setup t end t hold prdy
electrical specifications 50/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 the table 4-14 below refers to vh, va, vs which are the register value for setup time, active time and hold time, as described in the programming manual. table 4-14. local bus cycle lenght cycle t setup t active t hold t end unit memory (fcsx#) 4 + vh 2 + va 4 + vs 4 hclk peripheral (iocsx#) 8 + vh 3 + va 4 + vs 4 hclk table 4-15. local bus interface ac timing name parameters min max units hclk to pa bus - 15 ns hclk to pd bus - 15 ns hclk to fcs#[1:0] - 15 ns hclk to iocs#[3:0] - 15 ns hclk to pwr#[1:0] - 15 ns hclk to prd#[1:0] - 15 ns pd[15:0] input setup to hclk - 4 ns pd[15:0] input hold to hclk 2 - ns prdy input setup to hclk - 4 ns prdy input hold to hclk 2 - ns
electrical specifications release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 51/93 4.5.8 vga interface table 4-16 lists the ac characteristics of the vga interface. table 4-16. graphics adapter (vga) ac timing name parameter min max unit dclk (input) cycle time ns dclk (input) high time ns dclk (input) low time ns dclk (input) rising time ns dclk (input) falling time ns dclk (input) to r,g,b valid ns dclk (input) to hsync valid ns dclk (input) to vsync valid ns dclk (input) to col_sel valid ns dclk (output) cycle time ns dclk (output) high time ns dclk (output) low time ns dclk (output) to r,g,b valid ns dclk (output) to hsync valid ns dclk (output) to vsync valid ns dclk (output) to col_sel valid ns
electrical specifications 52/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 4.5.9 video input port table 4-17 lists the ac characteristics of the vip interface. table 4-17. video input ac timings name parameter min max unit vclk cycle time ns vclk high time ns vclk low time ns vclk rising time ns vclk falling time ns vin[7:0] setup to vclk ns vin[7:0] hold from vclk ns odd_even setup to vclk ns odd_even hold from vclk ns vcs setup to vclk ns vcs hold from vclk ns
electrical specifications release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 53/93 4.5.10 ide interface table 4-18 lists the ac characteristics of the ide interface. 4.5.11 jtag interface figure 4-12 and table 4-17 list the ac characteristics of the jtag interface. table 4-18. ide interface timing name parameters min max units dd[15:0] setup to pior#/sior# falling 15 - ns dd[15:0} hold to pior#/sior# falling 0 - ns figure 4-12. jtag timing diagram table 4-19. jtag ac timings name parameter min max unit treset trst pulse width 1 tcycle tcycle tclk period 400 ns tclk rising time 20 ns tclk falling time 20 ns tck stpc.input trst t reset t cycle stpc.output tms,tdi tdo t jset t jhld t jout t pset t phld t pout
electrical specifications 54/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 tjset tms setup time 200 ns tjhld tms hold time 200 ns tjset tdi setup time 200 ns tjhld tdi hold time 200 ns tjout tclk to tdo valid 30 ns tpset stpc pin setup time 30 ns tphld stpc pin hold time 30 ns tpout tclk to stpc pin valid 30 ns table 4-19. jtag ac timings
electrical specifications release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 55/93 4.5.12 intensionnaly blank
electrical specifications 56/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002
mechanical data release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 57/93 5. mechanical data 5.1. 388-pin package dimension the pin numbering for the stpc 388-pin plastic bga package is shown in figure 5-1 . dimensions are shown in figure 5-2 , table 5-1 and figure 5-3 , table 5-2 . figure 5-1. 388-pin pbga package - top view a b d e f g h j k l m n p r t u v w y aa ab ac ad ae af c 135791113151719212325 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 a b d e f g h j k l m n p r t u v w y aa ab ac ad ae af c 135791113151719212325 2468101214161820222426
mechanical data 58/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 figure 5-2. 388-pin pbga package - pcb dimensions table 5-1. 388-pin pbga package - pcb dimensions symbols mm inches min typ max min typ max a 34.95 35.00 35.05 1.375 1.378 1.380 b 1.22 1.27 1.32 0.048 0.050 0.052 c 0.58 0.63 0.68 0.023 0.025 0.027 d 1.57 1.62 1.67 0.062 0.064 0.066 e 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.006 0.008 0.001 f 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.002 0.004 0.006 g 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.030 0.032 0.034 a a b detail a1 ball pad corner d f e g c
mechanical data release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 59/93 figure 5-3. 388-pin pbga package - dimensions table 5-2. 388-pin pbga package - dimensions symbols mm inches min typ max min typ max a 0.50 0.56 0.62 0.020 0.022 0.024 b 1.12 1.17 1.22 0.044 0.046 0.048 c 0.60 0.76 0.92 0.024 0.030 0.036 d 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.020 0.021 0.022 e 0.63 0.78 0.93 0.025 0.031 0.037 f 0.60 0.63 0.66 0.024 0.025 0.026 g 30.0 11.8 a b c solderball solderball after collapse d e f g
mechanical data 60/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 5.2. 388-pin package thermal data the 388-pin pbga package has a power dissipation capability of 4.5w. this increases to 6w when used with a heatsink. the structure in shown in fi g ure 5-4 . thermal dissipation options are illustrated in fi g ure 5-5 and fi g ure 5-6 . figure 5-4. 388-pin pbga structure thermal balls power & ground layers signal layers figure 5-5. thermal dissipation without heatsink ambient board case junction board ambient ambient case junction board rca rjc rjb rba 66 125 8.5 rja = 13 c/w airflow = 0 board dimensions: the pbga is centred on board copper thickness: - 17m for internal layers - 34m for external layers - 10.2 cm x 12.7 cm - 4 layers (2 for signals, 1 gnd, 1vcc) there are no other devices 1 via pad per ground ball (8-mil wire) 40% copper on signal layers board temperature taken at the centrecentre b a
mechanical data release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 61/93 figure 5-6. thermal dissipation with heatsink board ambient case junction board ambient ambient case junction board rca rjc rjb rba 36 50 8.5 rja = 9.5 c/w airflow = 0 board dimensions: the pbga is centred on board copper thickness: - 17m for internal layers - 34m for external layers - 10.2 cm x 12.7 cm - 4 layers (2 for signals, 1 gnd, 1vcc) there are no other devices heat sink is 11.1c/w 1 via pad per ground ball (8-mil wire) 40% copper on signal layers board temperature taken at the centre balls
mechanical data 62/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 5.3. soldering recommendations high quality, low defect soldering requires identifying the optimum temperature profile for reflowing the solder paste, therefore optimizing the process. the heating and cooling rise rates must be compatible with the solder paste and components. a typical profile consists of a preheat, dryout, reflow and cooling sections. the most critical parameter in the preheat section is to minimize the rate of temperature rise to less than 2 c / second, in order to minimize thermal shock on the semi-conductor components. dryout section is used primarily to ensure that the solder paste is fully dried before hitting reflow temperatures. solder reflow is accomplished in the reflow zone , where the solder paste is elevated to a temperature greater than the melting point of the solder. melting temperature must be exceeded by approximately 20 c to ensure quality reflow. in reality the profile is not a line, but rather a range of temperatures all solder joints must be exposed. the total temperature deviation from component thermal mismatch, oven loading and oven uniformity must be within the band. figure 5-7. reflow soldering temperature range temperature ( c ) time ( s ) preheat dryout reflow cooling 240 0 250 200 150 100 50 0
design guidelines release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 63/93 6. design guidelines 6.1. typical applications the stpc CONSUMER-II is well suited for many applications. some of the possible implementations are described below. 6.1.1. web box a web box is an analog set top box providing internet browsing capability to a tv set. it has a tv output for connecting to the tv set, a modem for internet connection, a smartcard interface for the isp access control, and an infrared interface for the remote control or the keyboard. figure 6-1. web box stpc tv output CONSUMER-II sdram 64 flash modem audio 16 pci ide / pci smartcard r,g,b, csync s-vhs cvbs vip stv2310 scart 1 scart 2 microphone infrared printer port local bus isa bus or glue logic
design guidelines 64/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 6.2. stpc configuration the stpc is a very flexible product thanks to decoupled clock domains and to strap options enabling a user-optimized configuration. as some trade off are often necessary, it is important to do an analysis of the application needs prior to design a system based on this product. the applicative constraints are usually the following: - cpu performance - graphics / video performances - power consumption - pci bandwidth - booting time - emc some other elements can help to tune the choice: - code size of cpu consuming tasks - data size and location on the stpc side, the configurable parameters are the following: - synchronous / asynchronous mode - hclk speed - mclk speed - cpu clock ratio (x1, x2) - local bus / isa bus 6.2.1. local bus / isa bus the selection between the isa bus and the local bus is relatively simple. the first one is a standard bus but slow. the local bus is fast and programmable but doesn't support any dma nor external master mechanisms. the table 6-1 below summarize the selection: before implementing a function requiring dma capability on the isa bus, it is recommended to check if it exists on pci, or if it can be implemented differently, in order to use the local bus mode. 6.2.2. clock configuration the cpu clock and the memory clock are independent unless the "synchronous mode" strap option is set (see the strap options chapter). the potential clock configurations are then relatively limited as listed in table 6-2 . the advantage of the synchronous mode compared to the asynchronous mode is a lower latency when accessing sdram from the cpu or the pci (saves 4 mclk cycles for the first access of the burst). for the same cpu to memory transfer performance, mclk as to be roughly higher by 20mhz between sync and async modes (example: 66mhz sync = 96mhz async). in all cases, use sdram with cas latency equals to 2 (cl2) for the best performances. the advantage of the asynchronous mode is the capability to reprogram the mclk speed on the fly. this could help for applications were power consumption must be optimized. regarding pci bandwidth, the best is to have hclk at 100mhz as it gives twice the bandwidth compared to hclk at 66mhz. the last, and more complex, information to consider is the behaviour of the software. in case high cpu or fpu computation is needed, it is sometime better to be in dx2-133/mclk=66 synchronous mode than dx2-133/mclk=100 asynchronous mode. this depends on the locality of the number crunching code and the amount of data manipulated. the table 6-3 below gives some examples. the right column correspond to the configuration number as described in table 6-2 : obviously, the values for hclk or mclk can be reduced compared to table 6-2 in case there is no need to push the device at its limits, or when avoiding to use specific frequency ranges (fm radio band for example). table 6-1. bus mode selection need selection legacy i/o device (floppy, ...), super i/o isa bus dma capability (soundblaster) isa bus flash, sram, basic i/o device local bus fast boot local bus boot flash of 4mb or more local bus programmable chip select local bus table 6-2. main stpc modes cmode hclk mhz cpu clock clock ratio mclk mhz 1 synchronous 66 133 (x2) 66 2 asynchronous 66 133 (x2) 100 3 synchronous 100 100 (x1) 100 table 6-3. clock mode selection constraints c need cpu power critical code fits into l1 cache 1 need cpu power code or data does not fit into l1 cache 3 need high pci bandwitdh 3 need flexible sdram speed 2
design guidelines release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 65/93 6.3. architecture recommendations this section describes the recommend implementations for the stpc interfaces. for more details, download the reference schematics from the stpc web site. 6.3.1. power decoupling an appropriate decoupling of the various stpc power pins is mandatory for optimum behaviour. when insufficient, the integrity of the signals is deteriorated, the stability of the system is reduced and emc is increased. 6.3.1.1. pll decoupling this is the most important as the stpc clocks are generated from a single 14mhz stage using multiple plls which are highly sensitive analog cells. the frequencies to filter are the 25-50 khz range which correspond to the internal loop bandwidth of the pll and the 10 to 100 mhz frequency of the output. pll power pins can be tied together to simplify the board layout. 6.3.1.2. decoupling of 3.3v and vcore a power plane for each of these supplies with one decoupling capacitance for each power pin is the minimum. the use of multiple capacitances with values in decade is the best (for example: 10pf, 1nf, 100nf, 10uf), the smallest value, the closest to the power pin. connecting the various digital power planes through capacitances will reduce furthermore the overall impedance and electrical noise. 6.3.2. 14mhz oscillator stage the 14.31818 mhz oscillator stage can be implemented using a quartz, which is the preferred and cheaper solution, or using an external 3.3v oscillator. the crystal must be used in its series-cut fundamental mode and not in overtone mode. it must have an equivalent series resistance (esr, sometimes referred to as rm) of less than 50 ohms (typically 8 ohms) and a shunt capacitance (co) of less than 7 pf. the balance capacitors of 16 pf must be added, one connected to each pin, as described in figure 6-3 . in the event of an external oscillator providing the master clock signal to the stpc atlas device, the lvttl signal should be connected to xtali, as described in figure 6-3 . as this clock is the reference for all the other on- chip generated clocks, it is strongly recommended to shield this stage , including the 2 wires going to the stpc balls, in order to reduce the jitter to the minimum and reach the optimum system stability. figure 6-2. pll decoupling vdd_pll vss_pll pwr 100nf 47uf gnd connections must be as short as possible figure 6-3. 14.31818 mhz stage 15pf 15pf xtalo xtali xtalo xtali 3.3v
design guidelines 66/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 6.3.3. sdram the stpc provides all the signals for sdram control. up to 128 mbytes of main memory are supported. all banks must be 64 bits wide. up to 4 memory banks are available when using 16mbit devices. only up to 2 banks can be connected when using 64mbit and 128mbit components due to the reallocation of cs2# and cs3# signals. this is described in table 6-4 and table 6-5 . graphics memory resides at the beginning of bank 0. host memory begins at the top of graphics memory and extends to the top of populated sdram. bank 0 must always be populated. fi g ure 6-4 , fi g ure 6-5 and fi g ure 6-6 show some typical implementations. the purpose of the serial resistors is to reduce signal oscillation and emi by filtering line reflections. the capacitance in fi g ure 6-4 has a filtering effect too, while it is used for propagation delay compensation in the 2 other figures. figure 6-4. one memory bank with 4 chips (16-bit) cs0# ba[1:0] ma[12:0] we# ras0# dqm[7:0] mclki mclko dqm[7:6] reference knot cas0# md[63:48] dqm[5:4] md[47:32] dqm[3:2] md[31:16] dqm[1:0] md[15:0] md[63:0] mclka mclkb mclkc mclkd 10pf length(mclki) = length(mclky) with y = {a,b,c,d}
design guidelines release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 67/93 figure 6-5. one memory banks with 8 chips (8-bit) figure 6-6. two memory banks with 8 chips (8-bit) cs0# ba[1:0] ma[12:0] we# ras0# dqm[7:0] mclki mclko dqm[7] cas0# md[63:56] dqm[0] md[7:0] md[63:0] a 10pf length(mclki) = length(mclky) with y = {a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h} dqm[1] md[15:8] b c d e f g h cy2305 cs1# ba[1:0] ma[12:0] we# ras0# dqm[7:0] mclki mclko dqm[7] cas0# md[63:56] dqm[0] md[7:0] md[63:0] a 1 22pf length(mclki) = length(mclky x ) with dqm[1] md[15:8] b 1 c 1 d 1 e 1 f 1 g 1 h 1 cs0# a 0 b 0 c 0 d 0 e 0 f 0 g 0 h 0 x = {0,1} y = {a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h} cy2305
design guidelines 68/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 for other implementations like 32-bit sdram devices, refers to the sdram controller signal multiplexing and address mapping described in the following table 6-4 and table 6-5 . 6.3.4. pci bus the pci bus is always active and the following control signals must be pulled-up to 3.3v or 5v through 2k2 resistors even if this bus is not connected to an external device: frame#, trdy#, irdy#, stop#, devsel#, lock#, serr#, pci_req#[2:0]. pci_clko must be connected to pci_clki through a 10 to 33 ohms resistor. fi g ure 6-7 shows a typical implementation. for more information on layout constraints, go to the place and route recommendations section. table 6-4. dimm pinout sdram density 16 mbit 64/128 mbit 64/128 mbit stpc i/f internal banks 2 banks 2 banks 4 banks dimm pin number ... ma[10:0] ma[10:0] ma[10:0] ma[10:0] 123 - ma11 ma11 cs2# (ma11) 126 - ma12 - cs3# (ma12) 39 - - ba1 (ma12) cs3# (ba1) 122 ba0 (ma11) ba0 (ma13) ba0 (ma13) ba0 table 6-5. address mapping address mapping: 16 mbit - 2 internal banks stpc i/f ba0 ma10 ma9 ma8 ma7 ma6 ma5 ma4 ma3 ma2 ma1 ma0 ras address a11 a22 a21 a2 a19 a18 a17 a16 a15 a14 a13 a12 cas address a11 0 a24 a23 a10 a9 a8 a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 address mapping: 64/128 mbit - 2 internal banks stpc i/f ba0 ma12 ma11 ma10 ma9 ma8 ma7 ma6 ma5 ma4 ma3 ma2 ma1 ma0 ras address a11 a24 a23 a22 a21 a20 a19 a18 a17 a16 a15 a14 a13 a12 cas addressa110 0 0 a26a25a10a9a8a7a6a5a4a3 address mapping: 64/128 mbit - 4 internal banks stpc i/f ba0 ba1 ma11 ma10 ma9 ma8 ma7 ma6 ma5 ma4 ma3 ma2 ma1 ma0 ras address a11 a12 a24 a23 a22 a21 a20 a19 a18 a17 a16 a15 a14 a13 cas address a11 a12 0 0 a26 a25 a10 a9 a8 a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 figure 6-7. typical pci clock routing pciclki pciclko pciclka pciclkb pciclkc 0 - 22 10 - 33 device a device b device c 0 - 33pf
design guidelines release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 69/93 in the case of higher clock load it is recommended to use a zero-delay clock buffer as described in figure 6-8 . this approach is also recommended when implementing the delay on pciclki according to the pci section of the electrical specifications chapter. figure 6-8. pci clock routing with zero-delay clock buffer pciclki pciclko device a device b device c pll device d pciclki pciclko device a device b device c pll device d cy2305 cy2305 implementation 1 implementation 2
design guidelines 70/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 6.3.5. local bus the local bus has all the signals to connect flash devices or i/o devices with the minimum glue logic. fi g ure 6-9 describes how to connect a 16-bit boot flash (the correspondin g strap options must be set accordin g ly). figure 6-9. typical 16-bit boot flash implementation m58lw064a stpc 22 dq[15:0] a[22:1] ce oe w rp b clk rb le r 3v3 gnd reset# 16 pd[15:0] fcs0# pwr0# sysrsti# prd0# pa[22:1] prd1# pwr1#
design guidelines release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 71/93 6.3.6. ipc most of the ipc signals are multiplexed: interrupt inputs, dma request inputs, dma acknowledge outputs. the figure below describes a complete implementation of the irq[15:0] time-multiplexing. when an interrupt line is used internally, the corresponding input can be grounded. in most of the embedded designs, only few interrupts lines are necessary and the glue logic can be simplified. when the interface is integrated into the stpc, the corresponding interrupt line can be grounded as it is connected internally. for example, if the integrated ide controller is activated, the irq[14] and irq[15] inputs can be grounded. figure 6-10. typical irq multiplexing 74x153 1c0 1y 1g irq[0] irq_mux[0] 1c1 1c2 1c3 2c0 2c1 2c2 2c3 a b 2g 2y irq_mux[1] irq[1] irq[2] irq[3] irq[4] irq[5] irq[6] irq[7] 74x153 1c0 1y 1g irq_mux[2] 1c1 1c2 1c3 2c0 2c1 2c2 2c3 a b 2g 2y irq_mux[3] irq[8] irq[9] irq[10] irq[11] irq[12] irq[13] irq[14] irq[15] isa_clk2x isa_clk timer 0 keyboard slave pic com2/com4 com1/com3 lpt2 lpt1 rtc mouse fpu pci / ide pci / ide floppy floppy
design guidelines 72/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 the figure below describes a complete implementation of the external glue logic for dma request time-multiplexing and dma acknowledge demultiplexing. like for the interrupt lines, this logic can be simplified when only few dma channels are used in the application. this glue logic is not needed in local bus mode as it does not support dma transfers. figure 6-11. typical dma multiplexing and demultiplexing 74x153 1c0 1y 1g drq[0] dreq_mux[0] 1c1 1c2 1c3 2c0 2c1 2c2 2c3 a b 2g 2y dreq_mux[1] drq[1] drq[2] drq[3] drq[4] drq[5] drq[6] drq[7] 74x138 y0# a g2b dack0# y1# y2# y3# y4# y5# y6# y7# c b g2a isa_clk2x isa_clk isa, refresh isa, pio isa, fdc isa, pio slave dmac isa isa isa g1 dma_enc[0] dma_enc[1] dma_enc[2] dack1# dack2# dack3# dack5# dack6# dack7#
design guidelines release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 73/93 6.3.7. ide / isa dynamic demultiplexing some of the isa bus signals are dynamically multiplexed to optimize the pin count. figure 6-12 describes how to implement the external glue logic to demultiplex the ide and isa interfaces. in local bus mode the two buffers are not needed and the nand gates can be simplified to inverters. 6.3.8. basic audio using ide interface when the application requires only basic audio capabilities, an audio dac on the ide interface can avoid using a pci-based audio device. this low cost solution is not cpu consuming thanks to the dma controller implemented in the ide controller and can generate 16-bit stereo sound. the clock speed is programmable when using the speaker output. figure 6-12. typical ide / isa demultiplexing master# 74xx245 rmrtccs# a b dir oe isaoe# kbcs# rtcrw# rtcds sa[19:8] stpc bus / dd[15:0] la[24] la[25] la[22] la[23] scs1# scs3# pcs1# pcs3# figure 6-13. basic audio on ide 74xx74 16 q q dd[15:0] d pr rst d[15:0] cs# pcs1 wr# a/b audio out right left stereo dac pdrq sysrsto# speaker pdiow# vcc vcc vcc stpc q q d pr rst note * : the inverter can be removed when the dac cs# is directly connected to gnd *
design guidelines 74/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 6.3.9. vga interface the stpc integrates a voltage reference and video buffers. the amount of external devices is then limited to the minimum as described in the fi g ure 6-14 . all the resistors and capacitors have to be as close as possible to the stpc while the circuit protector dalc112s1 must be close to the vga connector. the ddc[1:0] lines, not represented here, have also to be protected when they are used on the vga connector. col_sel can be used when implementing the picture-in-picture function outside the stpc, for example when multiplexing an analog video source. in that case, the crtc of the stpc has to be genlocked to this analog source. dclk is usually used by the tft display which has rgb inputs in order to synchronise the picture at the level of the pixel. when the vga interface is not needed, the signals r, g, b, hsync, vsync, comp, rset can be left unconnected, vss_dac and vdd_dac must then be connected to gnd. figure 6-14. typical vga implementation 143 vdd_dac comp vref_dac rset vss_dac 2.5v 10nf 100nf 47uf agnd col_sel dclk hsync vsync r g b 75 1% dalc112s1 agnd 3.3v 100nf 1%
design guidelines release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 75/93 6.3.10. tv interface the stpc integrates a voltage reference and video dacs. the amount of external devices is then limited to video buffers as described in the figure 6-15 . the connection from irefx and vrefx up to the 20 ohms resistors must be as short as possible. the constraint is the same for the connection from vdda_tv and vssa_tv up to the dec oupling capacitances. the resistors and capacitors of the amplifier stage have to be as close as possible to the video buffer. when the tv interface is not needed, the signals red, green, blue, cvbs, iref1, iref2 can be left unconnected, vdda_tv must then be connected to gnd. r,g,b,cvbs outputs: . iout max = 80.704 / r ref < 5ma . r load = 274 ohms . vout = {10-bit code} x r load x 0.079 / r ref fine tuning of the maximum output level must be done using the gain control registers 0x11 to 0x13 of the integrated digital encoder (write the value 0x0b for a gain of 109%). figure 6-15. typical vga implementation 20 1% iref1 vref1 iref2 vref2 vdda_tv 2.5v 10nf 100nf 22uf dclk cvbs red green blue 316 1% 27mhz 47pf fbead vssa_tv agnd agnd agnd 33 gnd 3.3v fbead 100nf gnd same as for red agnd 15uh agnd agnd agnd 526 1% 326 1% 478 1% 10 1% agnd vcca to the connector 75 1% tsh74 5v 100nf 22uf fbead agnd fbead gnd vcca gnd r ref = 20k 1%
design guidelines 76/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 6.3.11. jtag interface the stpc integrates a jtag interface for scan- chain and on-board testing. the only external device needed are the pull up resistors. fi g ure 6- 16 describes a typical implementation using these devices. figure 6-16. typical jtag implementation stpc tclk tdo 3v3 connector 9 10 1 2 6 7 3 4 8 5 tms tdi trst 3v3 3v3 3v3
design guidelines release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 77/93 6.4. place and route recommendations 6.4.1. general recommendations some stpc interfaces run at high speed and need to be carefully routed or even shielded like: 1) memory interface 2) pci bus 3) graphics and video interfaces 4) 14 mhz oscillator stage all clock signals have to be routed first and shielded for speeds of 27mhz or higher. the high speed signals follow the same constraints, as for the memory and pci control signals. the next interfaces to be routed are memory, pci, and video/graphics. all the analog noise-sensitive signals have to be routed in a separate area and hence can be routed indepedently. 6.4.2. pll definition and implimentation plls are analog cells which supply the internal stpc clocks. to get the cleanest clock, the jitter on the power supply must be reduced as much as possible. this will result in a more stable system. each of the integrated pll has a dedicated power pin so a single power plane for all of these plls, or one wire for each, or any solution in between which help the layout of the board can be used. powering these pins with one ferrite + capacitances is enough. we recommend at least 2 capacitances: one 'big' (few uf) for power storage, and one or 2 smalls (100nf + 1nf) for noise filtering. figure 6-17. shielding signals ground ring ground pad shielded signal line ground pad shielded signal lines
design guidelines 78/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 6.4.3. memory interface 6.4.3.1. introduction in order to achieve sdram memory interfaces which work at clock frequencies of 100 mhz and above, careful consideration has to be given to the timing of the interface with all the various electrical and physical constraints taken into consideration. the guidelines described below are related to sdram components on dimm modules. for applications where the memories are directly soldered to the motherboard, the pcb should be laid out such that the trace lengths fit within the constraints shown here. the traces could be slightly shorter since the extra routing on the dimm pcb is no longer present but it is then up to the user to verify the timings. 6.4.3.2. sdram clocking scheme the sdram clocking scheme deserves a special mention here. basically the memory clock is generated on-chip through a pll and goes directly to the mclko output pin of the stpc. the nominal frequency is 100 mhz. because of the high load presented to the mclk on the board by the dimms it is recommended to rebuffer the mclko signal on the board and balance the skew to the clock ports of the different dimms and the mclki input pin of stpc. 6.4.3.3. board layout issues the physical layout of the motherboard pcb assumed in this presentation is as shown in fi g ure 6-19 . because all of the memory interface signal balls are located in the same region of the stpc device, it is possible to orientate the device to reduce the trace lengths. the worst case routing length to the dimm1 is estimated to be 100 mm. solid power and ground planes are a must in order to provide good return paths for the signals and to reduce emi and noise. also there should be ample high frequency decoupling between the power and ground planes to provide a low impedance path between the planes for the return paths for signal routings which change layers. if possible, the traces should be routed adjacent to the same power or ground plane for the length of the trace. for the sdram interface, the most critical signal is the clock. any skew between the clocks at the sdram components and the memory controller will impact the timing budget. in order to get well matched clocks at all components it is recommended that all the dimm clock pins, stpc figure 6-18. clock scheme dimm1 mclki mclko dimm2 pll register pll ma[ ] + control md[63:0] sdram controller
design guidelines release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 79/93 memory clock input (mclki) and any other component using the memory clock are individually driven from a low skew clock driver with matched routing lengths. in other words, all clock line lengths that go from the buffer to the memory chips (mclkx) and from the buffer to the stpc (mclki) must be identical. this is shown in figure 6-20 . the maximum skew between pins for this part is 250ps. the important factors for the clock buffer are a consistent drive strength and low skew between the outputs. the delay through the buffer is not important so it does not have to be a zero delay pll type buffer. the trace lengths from the clock driver to the dimm ckn pins should be matched exactly. since the propagation speed can vary between pcb layers, the clocks should be routed in a consistent way. the routing to the stpc memory input should be longer by 75 mm to compensate for the extra clock routing on the dimm. also a 20 pf capacitor should be placed as near as possible to the clock input of the stpc to compensate for the dimms higher clock load. the impedance of the trace used for the clock routing should be matched to the dimm clock trace impedance (60-75 ohms) . to minimise crosstalk the clocks should be routed with spacing to adjacent tracks of at least twice the clock trace width. for designs which use sdrams directly mounted on the motherboard pcb all the clock trace lengths should be matched exactly. figure 6-19. dimm placement dimm2 dimm1 stpc 35mm 35mm 15mm 10mm 116mm sdram i/f figure 6-20. clock routing mclko dimm ckn input stpc mclki dimm ckn input dimm ckn input low skew clock driver: l l+75mm* 20pf * no additional 75mm when sdram directly soldered on board
design guidelines 80/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 the dimm sockets should be populated starting with the furthest dimm from the stpc device first (dimm1). there are two types of dimm devices; single-row and dual-row. the dual-row devices require two chip select signals to select between the two rows. a stpc device with 4 chip select control lines could control either 4 single-row dimms or 2 dual-row dimms. when only 2 chip select control lines are activated, only two single- row dimms or one dual-row dimm can be controlled. when using dimm modules, schematics have to be done carefully in order to avoid data buses completely crossing on the board. this has to be checked at the library level. in order to achieve the layout shown in fi g ure 6-21 , schematics have to implement the crossing described in fi g ure 6-22 . the dqm signals must be exchanged using the same order. 6.4.3.4. summary for unbuffered dimms the address/control signals will be the most critical for timing. the simulations show that for these signals the best way to drive them is to use a parallel termination. for applications where speed is not so critical series termination can be used as this will save power. using a low impedance such as 50 w for these critical traces is recommended as it both reduces the delay and the overshoot. the other memory interface signals will typically be not as critical as the address/control signals. using lower impedance traces is also beneficial for the other signals but if their timing is not as critical as the address/control signals they could use the default value. using a lower impedance implies using wider traces which may have an impact on the routing of the board. the layout of this interface can be validated by an electrical simulation using the ibis model available on the stpc web site. figure 6-21. optimum data bus layout for dimm figure 6-22. schematics for optimum data bus layout for dimm dimm stpc sdram i/f d[15:00] d[31:16] d[47:32] d[63:48] md[31:00] md[63:32] md[15:00],dqm[1:0] md[31:16],dqm[3:2] md[47:32],dqm[5:4] md[63:48],dqm[7:6] d[15:00],dqm[1:0] d[31:16],dqm[3:2] d[47:32],dqm[5:4] d[63:48],dqm[7:6] dimm stpc
design guidelines release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 81/93 6.4.4. pci interface 6.4.4.1. introduction in order to achieve a pci interface which work at clock frequencies up to 33mhz, careful consideration has to be given to the timing of the interface with all the various electrical and physical constraints taken into consideration. 6.4.4.2. pci clocking scheme the pci clocking scheme deserves a special mention here. basically the pci clock (pciclko) is generated on-chip from hclk through a programmable delay line and a clock divider. the nominal frequency is 33mhz. this clock must be looped to pciclki and goes to the internal south bridge through a deskewer. on the contrary, the internal north bridge is clocked by hclk, putting some additionnal constraints on t 0 and t 1 . figure 6-23. clock scheme hclk pll 1/2 1/3 1/4 clock strap options pciclko t 1 pciclki hclk ad[31:0] south north deskewer mux t 0 t 2 delay stpc md[30:27] md[17,4] md[7:6] bridge bridge
design guidelines 82/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 6.4.4.3. board layout issues the physical layout of the motherboard pcb assumed in this presentation is as shown in fi g ure 6-24 . for the pci interface, the most critical signal is the clock. any skew between the clocks at the pci components and the stpc will impact the timing budget. in order to get well matched clocks at all components it is recommended that all the pci clocks are individually driven from a serial resistance with matched routing lengths. in other words, all clock line lengths that go from the resistor to the pci chips (pciclkx) must be identical. the figure below is for pci devices soldered on- board. in the case of a pci slot, the wire length must be shortened by 2.5" to compensate the clock layout on the pci board. the maximum clock skew between all devices is 2ns according to pci specifications. the fi g ure 6-25 describes a typical clock delay implementation. the exact timing constraints are listed in the pci section of the electrical specifications chapter. figure 6-24. typical pci clock routing length(pciclki) = length(pciclkx) with x = {a,b,c} note : the value of 22 ohms corresponds to tracks with z 0 = 70 ohms. pciclki pciclko pciclka pciclkb pciclkc device a device b device c figure 6-25. clocks relationships pciclko pciclki hclk pciclkx
design guidelines release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 83/93 6.4.5. thermal dissipation 6.4.5.1. power saving thermal dissipation of the stpc depends mainly on supply voltage. when the system does not need to work at the upper voltage limit, it may therefore be beneficial to reduce the voltage to the lower voltage limit, where possible. this could save a few 100s of mw. the second area to look at is unused interfaces and functions. depending on the application, some input signals can be grounded, and some blocks not powered or shutdown. clock speed dynamic adjustment is also a solution that can be used along with the integrated power management unit. 6.4.5.2. thermal balls the standard way to route thermal balls to ground layer implements only one via pad for each ball pad, connected using a 8-mil wire. with such configuration the plastic bga package does 90% of the thermal dissipation through the ground balls, and especially the central thermal balls which are directly connected to the die. the remaining 10% is dissipated through the case. adding a heat sink reduces this value to 85%. as a result, some basic rules must be followed when routing the stpc in order to avoid thermal problems. as the whole ground layer acts as a heat sink, the ground balls must be directly connected to it, as illustrated in figure 6-26 . if one ground layer is not enough, a second ground plane may be added. when possible, it is important to avoid other devices on-board using the pcb for heat dissipation, like linear regulators, as this would heat the stpc itself and reduce the temperature range of the whole system, in case these devices can not use a separate heat sink, they must not be located just near the stpc figure 6-26. ground routing pad for ground ball thru hole to ground layer t o p l a y e r : s i g n a l s p o w e r l a y e r i n t e r n a l l a y e r : s i g n a l s b o t t o m l a y e r : g r o u n d l a y e r note: for better visibility, ground balls are not all routed.
design guidelines 84/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 when considering thermal dissipation, one of the most important parts of the layout is the connection between the ground balls and the ground layer. a 1-wire connection is shown in fi g ure 6-27 . the use of a 8-mil wire results in a thermal resistance of 105c/w assuming copper is used (418 w/ m.k). this high value is due to the thickness (34 m) of the copper on the external side of the pcb. considering only the central matrix of 36 thermal balls and one via for each ball, the global thermal resistance is 2.9c/w. this can be easily improved using four 12.5 mil wires to connect to the four vias around the ground pad link as in fi g ure 6-28 . this gives a total of 49 vias and a global resistance for the 36 thermal balls of 0.5c/ w. the use of a ground plane like in fi g ure 6-29 is even better. figure 6-27. recommended 1-wire power/ground pad layout solder mask (4 mil) pad for ground ball (diameter = 25 mil) hole to ground layer (diameter = 12 mil) connection wire (width = 12.5 mil) via (diameter = 24 mil) 34.5 mil 1 mil = 0.0254 mm figure 6-28. recommended 4-wire ground pad layout 4 via pads for each ground ball
design guidelines release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 85/93 to avoid solder wicking over to the via pads during soldering, it is important to have a solder mask of 4 mil around the pad (nsmd pad). this gives a diameter of 33 mil for a 25 mil ground pad. to obtain the optimum ground layout, place the vias directly under the ball pads. in this case no local board distortion is tolerated. 6.4.5.3. heat dissipation the thickness of the copper on pcb layers is typically 34 m for external layers and 17 m for internal layers. this means that thermal dissipation is not good; high board temperatures are concentrated around the devices and these fall quickly with increased distance. where possible, place a metal layer inside the pcb; this improves dramatically the spread of heat and hence the thermal dissipation of the board. the possibility of using the whole system box for thermal dissipation is very useful in cases of high internal temperatures and low outside temperatures. bottom side of the pbga should be thermally connected to the metal chassis in order to propagate the heat flow through the metal. thermally connecting also the top side will improve furthermore the heat dissipation. figure 6-30 illustrates such an implementation. figure 6-29. optimum layout for central ground ball - top layer via to ground layer pad for ground ball clearance = 6mil diameter = 25 mil hole diameter = 14 mil solder mask diameter = 33 mil external diameter = 37 mil connections = 10 mil figure 6-30. use of metal plate for thermal dissipation metal planes thermal conductor board die
design guidelines 86/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 as the pcb acts as a heat sink, the layout of top and ground layers must be done with care to maximize the board surface dissipating the heat. the only limitation is the risk of losing routing channels. fi g ure 6-31 and fi g ure 6-32 show a routing with a good thermal dissipation thanks to an optimized placement of power and signal vias. the ground plane should be on bottom layer for the best heat spreading (thicker layer than internal ones) and dissipation (direct contact with air). . figure 6-31. layout for good thermal dissipation - top layer 1 a 3.3v ball 2.5v ball (core / plls) via stpc ball gnd ball not connected ball
design guidelines release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 87/93 figure 6-32. recommend signal wiring (top & ground layers) with corresponding heat flow stpc balls external row internal row gnd power power
design guidelines 88/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 6.5. debug methodology in order to bring a stpc-based board to life with the best efficiency, it is recommended to follow the check-list described in this section. 6.5.1. power supplies in parallel with the assembly process, it is useful to get a bare pcb to check the potential short- circuits between the various power and ground planes. this test is also recommended when the first boards are back from assembly. this will avoid bad surprises in case of a short-circuit due to a bad soldering. when the system is powered, all power supplies, including the pll power pins must be checked to be sure the right level is present. see table 4-2 for the exact supported voltage range: vdd_core: 2.5v vdd_xxxpll: 2.5v vdd: 3.3v 6.5.2. boot sequence 6.5.2.1. reset input the checking of the reset sequence is the next step. the waveform of sysrsti# must complies with the timings described in fi g ure 4-3 . this signal must not have glitches and must stay low until the 14.31818mhz output (osc14m) is at the right frequency and the strap options are stabilized to a valid configuration. in case this clock is not present, check the 14mhz oscillator stage (see fi g ure 6-3 ). 6.5.2.2. strap options the stpc has been designed in a way to allow configurations for test purpose that differs from the functional configuration. in many cases, the troubleshootings at this stage of the debug are the resulting of bad strap options. this is why it is mandatory to check they are properly setup and sampled during the boot sequence. the list of all the strap options is summarized at the beginning of section 3. 6.5.2.3. clocks once osc14m is checked and correct, the next signals to measure are the host clock (hclk), pci clocks (pci_clko, pci_clki) and memory clock (mclko, mclki). hclk must run at the speed defined by the corresponding strap options (see table 3-1) and must not be more than 100mhz. in x2 cpu clock mode, this clock must be limited to 66mhz. pci_clki and pci_clko must be connected as described in fi g ure 6-19 and not be higher than 33mhz. their speed depends on hclk and on the divider ratio defined by the md[4] and md[17] strap options as described in section 3. to ensure a correct behaviour of the device, the pci deskewing logic must be configured properly by the md[7:6] strap options according to section 3. for timings constraints, refers to section 4. mclki and mclko must be connected as described in fi g ure 6-3 to fi g ure 6-5 depending on the sdram implementation. the memory clock must run at hclk speed when in synchronous mode and must not be higher than 100mhz in any case. 6.5.2.4. reset output if sysrsti# and all clocks are correct, then the sysrsto# output signal should behave as described in fi g ure 4-3 . 6.5.3. isa mode prior to check the isa bus control signals, pci_clki, isa_clk, isa_clk2x, and dev_clk must be running properly. if it is not the case, it is probably because one of the previous steps has not been completed. 6.5.3.1. first code fetches when booting on the isa bus, the two key signals to check at the very beginning are rmrtccs# and frame#. the first one is a chip select for the boot flash and is multiplexed with the ide interface. it should toggle together with isaoe# and memrd# to fetch the first 16 bytes of code. this corresponds to the loading of the first line of the cpu cache. in case rmrtccs# does not toggle, it is then necessary to check the pci frame# signal. indeed the isa controller is part of the south bridge and all isa bus cycles are visible on the pci bus. if there is no activity on the pci bus, then one of the previous steps has not been checked properly. if there is activity then there must be something conflicting on the isa bus or on the pci bus. 6.5.3.2. boot flash size the isa bus supports 8-bit and 16-bit memory devices. in case of a 16-bit boot flash, the signal memcs16# must be activated during
design guidelines release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 89/93 rmrtccs# cycle to inform the isa controller of a 16-bit device. 6.5.3.3. post code once the 16 first bytes are fetched and decoded, the cpu core continue its execution depending on the content of these first data. usually, it corresponds to a jump instruction and the code fetching continues, generating read cycles on the isa bus. most of the bios and boot loaders are reading the content of the flash, decompressing it in sdram, and then continue the execution by jumping to the entry point in ram. this boot process ends with a jump to the entry point of the os launcher. these various steps of the booting sequence are codified by the so-called post codes (power-on self-test). a 8-bit code is written to the port 80h at the beginning of each stage of the booting process (i/o write to address 0080h) and can be displayed on two 7-segment display, enabling a fast visual check of the booting completion level. usually, the last post code is 0x00 and corresponds to the jump into the os launcher. when the execution fails or hangs, the lastest written code stays visible on that display, indicating either the piece of code to analyse, either the area of the hardware not working properly. 6.5.4. local bus mode as the local bus controller is located into the host interface, there is no access to the cycles on the pci, reducing the amount of signals to check. 6.5.4.1. first code fetches when booting on the local bus, the key signal to check at the very beginning is fcs0#. this signal is a chip select for the boot flash and should toggle together with prd# to fetch the first 16 bytes of code. this corresponds to the loading of the first line of the cpu cache. in case fcs0# does not toggle, then one of the previous steps has not been done properly, like hclk speed and cpu clock multiplier (x1, x2). 6.5.4.2. boot flash size the local bus support 16-bit boot memory devices only. 6.5.4.3. post code like in isa mode, post codes can be implemented on the local bus. the difference is that an iocs# must be programmed at i/o address 80h prior to writing these code, the post display being connected to this iocs# and to the lower 8 bits of the bus. 6.5.5. summary here is a check-list for the stpc board debug from power-on to cpu execution. for each step, in case of failure, verify first the corresponding balls of the stpc: - check if the voltage or activity is correct - search for potential shortcuts. for troubleshooting in steps 5 to 10, verify the related strap options: - value & connection. refer to section 3. - see figure 4-3 for timing constraints steps 8a and 9a are for debug in isa mode while steps 8b and 9b are for local bus mode. check: how? troubleshooting 1 power supplies verify that voltage is within specs: - this must include hf & lf noise - avoid full range sweep refer to table 4-1 for values measure voltage near stpc balls: - use very low gnd connection. add some decoupling capacitor: - the smallest, the nearest to stpc balls. 2 14.318 mhz verify osc14m speed the 2 capacitors used with the quartz must match with the capacitance of the crystal. try other values. 3 sysrsti# (power good) measure sysrsti# of stpc see figure 4-3 for waveforms. verify reset generation circuit: - device reference - components value 5 hclk measure hclk is at selected frequency 25mhz < hclk < 100mhz hclk wire must be as short as possible
design guidelines 90/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 6.6. 6 pci clocks measure pciclko: - maximum is 33mhz by standard - check it is at selected frequency - it is generated from hclk by a division (1/2, 1/3 or 1/4) check pciclki equals pciclko verify pciclko loops to pciclki. verify maximum skew between any pci clock branch is below 2ns. in synchronous mode, check mclki. 7 memory clocks measure mclko: - use a low-capacitance probe - maximum is 100mhz - check it is at selected frequency - in sync mode mclk=hclk - in async mode, default is 66mhz check mclki equals mclko verify load on mclki. verify mclk programming (bios setting). 4 sysrsto# measure sysrsto# of stpc see fi g ure 4-3 for waveforms. verify sysrsti# duration. verify sysrsti# has no glitch verify clocks are running. 8a pci cycles check pci signals are toggling: - frame#, irdy#, trdy#, devsel# - these signals are active low. check, with a logic analyzer, that first pci cycles are the expected ones: memory read starting at address with lower bits to 0xfff0 verify pci slots if the stpc dont boot - verify data read from boot memory is ok - ensure flash is correctly programmed - ensure cmos is cleared. 9a isa cycles to boot memory check rmrtccs# & memrd# check directly on boot memory pin verify memcs16#: - must not be asserted for 8-bit memory verify iochrdy is not be asserted verify isaoe# pin: - it controls ide / isa bus demultiplexing 8b local bus cycles to boot memory check fcs0# & prd# check directly on boot memory pin verify hclk speed and cpu clock mode. 9b check, with a logic analyzer, that first local bus cycles are the expected one: memory read starting at the top of boot memory less 16 bytes if the stpc dont boot - verify data read from boot memory is ok - ensure flash is correctly programmed - ensure cmos is cleared. 10 the cpu fills its first cache line by fetching 16 bytes from boot memory. then, first instructions are executed from the cpu. any boot memory access done after the first 16 bytes are due to the instructions executed by the cpu => minimum hardware is correctly set, cpu executes code. please have a look to the bios writers guide or programming manual to go further with your board testing. check: how? troubleshooting
ordering data release 1.5 - january 29, 2002 91/93 7. ordering data 7.1. ordering codes st pc c4 e e b c stmicroelectronics prefix product family pc: pc compatible product id c4: CONSUMER-II core speed e: 100 mhz h: 133 mhz memory interface speed d: 90 mhz e: 100 mhz package b: 388 overmoulded bga temperature range c: commercial case temperature (tcase) = 0c to +85c i: industrial case temperature (tcase) = -40c to +115c
ordering data 92/93 release 1.5 - januar y 29, 2002 7.2. available part numbers 7.3. customer service more information is available on the stmicroelectronics internet site http:// www.st.com/stpc part number core frequency ( mhz ) cpu mode ( x1 / x2 ) interface speed (mhz) tcase range ( c ) stpcc4hebc 133 x2 100 0c to +85 stpcc4hebi 133 x2 100 -40c to +115 stpcc5hebc 133 x2 100 0c to +85 stpcc5hebi 133 x2 100 -40c to +115
information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, stmicroelectronics assumes no responsibility for the co nsequences of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of stmicroelectronics. specifications mentioned in this publicati on are subject to change without notice. this publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. stmicroelectronics prod ucts are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without express written approval of stmicroelectro nics. ? 2000 stmicroelectronics - all rights reserved the st logo is a registered trademark of stmicroelectronics. all other names are the property of their respective owners. stmicroelectronics group of companies australia - brazil - china - france - germany - italy - japan - korea - malaysia - malta - mexico - morocco - the netherlands - singapore - spain - sweden - switzerland - taiwan - thailand - united kingdom - u.s.a. 93 release 1.5 this is preliminary information on a new product now in development or undergoing evaluation. details are subject to change wit hout notice.

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